动词不规则变化形容词副词

2024年1月25日发(作者：)

不规则动词过去式过去分词巧记表

AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致

cut cut cut 切、割 shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗） put put put 放置

let let let 让 set set set 设置 hit hit hit 撞击 hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛

cost cost cost 值…钱；花费 read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗读；阅读

AAB型 过去式与原形一致

beat beat beaten 击败

ABA型 过去分词与原形一致

run ran run 跑步；逃跑 come came come 来 become became become 变得；成为

ABB型 过去式与过去分词一致

buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架；打仗 think thought thought 想；认为

seek sought sought 寻找；探究 bring brought brought 带来lend lent lent 借出

catch caught caught 抓住；接住 teach taught taught 教；教书 send sent sent 送；派遣

spend spent spent 花费（时间、金钱） build built built 建设；建立 leave left left 离开

feel felt felt 感觉；摸起来 keep kept kept 保持 保留sleep slept slept 睡觉

oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头 sweep swept swept 打扫

mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是learn learnt / learned learnt /learned 学会

burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃烧；烧伤 hear heard heard 听见

lead led led 领导；致使 feed fed fed 喂养；喂食 flee fled fled 逃跑

meet met met 遇见；碰到 shoot shot shot 射击 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃

get got got 获得；得到 win won won 获胜；赢得 sit sat sat 坐下

dig dug dug 挖掘 stick stuck stuck 刺；戳 hang hung hung 悬挂

hang hanged hanged 绞死 sell sold sold 出售 tell told told 告诉

smell smelt smelt 闻；嗅 spell spelt spelt 拼写 hold held held 拿着；握住

find found found 找到；发现 stand stood stood 站立 lay laid laid 下蛋，放置

understand understood understood 理解 pay paid paid 付款 have /has had had 有

say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 说 make made made 制作 lose lost lost 丢失

shine shone/shined shone/shined 照耀 strike struck struck敲击，罢工

ABC型 原形、过去式、过去分词不一致

begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝；饮 ring rang rung 铃（响）；打电话

sing sang sung 唱歌 sink sank sunk 下沉 swim swam swum 游泳

blow blew blown 吹；刮风 fly flew flown 飞；放风筝know knew known 知道；懂得

grow grew grown 种植；生长 throw threw thrown 扔；投 draw drew drawn 绘画

show showed shown 出示；给…看 break broke broken 打破不服从steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 说话 choose chose chosen 选择 freeze froze frozen 冻结

wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 take took taken 拿走

mistake mistook mistaken 错拿 shake shook shaken 摇动；握（手） eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒rise rose risen 上升；上涨 drive drove driven [drivn] 驾驶

give gave given 给 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅 see saw seen 看见

ride rode ridden 骑（车、马） hide hid hidden 躲藏 bite bit bitten 咬

forbid forbade forbidden 禁止；不许 write wrote written 书写 bear bore born 忍受

tear tore torn 撕破 wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等） am/is was been 是

are were been 是 do/does did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺；卧

注意：以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，

如： stopped begged dragged dropped planned

以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到

7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）

形容词变副词规则

形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：

一般直接加ly，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下：

quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly

具体规则如下：

1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：

extreme-extremely; polite-politely; sad-sadly; imediate-immediately

2. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly

绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：

polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely;nice-nicely

3. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：

happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily

但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy---shyly

4.以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如：

economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically;

energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。

5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：

simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly;

probable-probably; incredible-incredibly

元音字母加le时加 ly，如：sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。

6. 以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull-dully

需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：

friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace

高考常见词词形变换

后缀---名词

1. ability possibility responsibility reality

2. privacy discovery injury apology

3. marriage shortage

4. arrival survival refusal

5. musician magician electrician

6. assistance appearance performance guidance importance

7. absence difference confidence patience independence intelligence

convenience silence

8. beggar liar

actor visitor inventor sailor

interviewer/interviewee trainer/trainee employer/employee

tourist biologist pianist artist

9. graduation imagination preparation separation communication pollution

invitation creation introduction impression discussion expression

pronunciation explanation recognition solution

10. freedom wisdom

11. childhood adulthood

12. honesty safety similarity difficulty poverty curiosity loyalty anxiety

13. suffering hearing warning

14. achievement amusement advertisement agreement astonishment excitement

improvement announcement argument judg(e)ment

15. kindness carelessness happiness sadness

16. death growth health wealth youth strength length

17. failure mixture pleasure pressure

后缀---形容词

1. comfortable fashionable reliable unbelievable accessible enjoyable

unforgettable

2. natural cultural medical musical social racial official beneficial

environmental traditional occasional original professional

3. scientific basic energetic

4. gifted talented unexpected disabled

5. rainy sunny wealthy healthy

6. cheerful successful thankful careful powerful hopeful meaningful harmful

useful

7. creative impressive attractive

8. poisonous anxious dangerous humorous

前缀---变否定

9. dis- dishonest dislike disagree disadvantage discourage disappear

10. il-/in-/im-/ir- impolite impossible inconvenient independent

indirect irresponsible illegal

11. un- unable uncertain unconscious unnecessary unbelievable uncomfortable

unfortunately unfriendly unemployment

12. mis- misfortune misunderstand mislead