中医常用术语英文翻译

2024年2月1日发(作者：)

中医常用术语英文翻译

[学科]

中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional

Chinesephysician①中医学的简称。②本学科专业职业队伍。

中药Chinesemateria medica在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。

中医学traditionalChinese medicine以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。

中药学Chinese materiamedica中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。

中医药traditionalChinese medicine and pharmacology

本草:Materia medica

中药:Chinese materiamedica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等)

中草药:Chinese HerbalMedicine,Chinese medicinal herbs

中药学:Chinese pharmaceutics

药材:Medicinalsubstance(material)

中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine

中医基础理论basictheory of traditional Chinese medicine

中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine

方剂学prescriptions of Chinese materia medica，

Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions

中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine

[阴阳]The Theory of Yinand Yang

阴阳对立:Opposition of yin andyang

阴阳制约:Restriction of/between yin and yang

阴阳互根:Interdependence ofyin and yang

阴阳消长:Waxing and waning ofyin and yang

阴阳转化:Inter-transformationof yin and yang

[五行学说]The Theory of FiveElements

五行:water，fire，wood，metal，soil

生:promote, generate,engender

克:act, restrict,restrain

乘:overact,over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm

侮:counteract,counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel

[整体观念]concept of organicwholeness辩证法dialectics

生长化收藏sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage

内外环境统一性the unity betweenthe internal and external

environments

机体自身整体性the integrity of thebody itself

古代唯物论和辩证法classic Chinesematerialism and dialectics

矛盾统一the contradictoryunity

互相联系、相互影响related to each otherand influence each

other

标本Biao (secondaryaspect) and Ben (primary aspect)

本质与现象nature and phenomena

矛盾的普遍性和特殊性universality andspeciality of

contradictions

寒者热之Cold disease shouldbe treated by warm therapy

热者寒之warm disease shouldbe treated by cold therapy

虚者补之deficiency syndromeshould be treated by tonifying

therapy

实者泻之excess syndromeshould be treated by purgation

therapy

治病必求其本Treatment ofdiseases must concentrate on the

root cause

同病异治treatment ofthe same disease with different

therapeutic methods

异病同治treatment ofdifferent diseases with the same

therapeutic method

[精气神]

清阳为天The lucid Yangascends to form the heaven

浊阴为地The turbid Yindescends to constitute the earth

气化Qitransformation

升降出入ascending,descending, going out, coming in

出入废则神机化灭，升降息则气立孤危。

If the activities of going out and coming intostop, the

transforming mechanism of Shen (Spirit) will be damaged; if

theactivities of ascending and descending stop, Qi will be

immediately isolatedand endangered.

精气Jingqi(Essential-Qi)

先天之精prenatalessence

后天之精postnatalessence

神Shen (spirit)

形神学说the theory ofbody and spirit

形与神俱the body andthe Shen (Spirit) exist simultaneously

形神统一the unitybetween the body and the Shen (Spirit)

[治则]

病邪pathogenicfactors

正气存内，邪不可干。

Sufficient Healthy-Qi inside the body will preventinvasion of

pathogenic factors.

邪之所凑，其气必虚。

The region where pathogenic factors invades mustbe

deficient in Qi.

顺四时而适寒暑，和喜怒而安居处

Abidance to the changes of the four seasons,active

adapation to cold and heat, harmony of emotional changes and

peacefulliving.

养生防病，延年益寿

cultivating health, preventing disease andprolonging life

[气血津液]

气化qi transformation

气机qi movement

元气(原气)primordial ( yuan qi)

真气genuine qi (zhenqi)

宗气pectoral qi (zong qi)

营气nutritive qi( yingqi)

卫气defensive qi(wei ai)

气的推动功能promotingaction of Qi

气的温煦功能warming actionof Qi

气的防御功能defendingaction of Qi

气的固摄功能controllingaction of Qi

气的气化功能action of QiTransformation

[血]

水谷精微cereal essence

营气和津液nutrient qiand body fluid

营养和滋润nourishing andmoistening

血主濡之。

Blood is responsible for nurturing body.

中焦受气取汁，变化而赤，是谓血。

The middle energizer receives qi, takes

transforms into red liquid called blood.

血虚blooddeficiency/asthenia

血瘀bloodstasis/stagnation

血热blood-heat

the juiceand

血寒blood-cold

出血hemorrhage

[津液]

津液Body fluid /Jin andYe

稠厚度thickness

成分，功能，分布property,function,distribution

分泌物secreta

胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、眼泪、汗液、尿液gastric juice, intestinal

juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, urine

形成formation

分布distribution

排泄excretion

脾的传输transmitting of thespleen

肺的宣降dispersing anddescenging of the lung

肾的蒸腾气化steaming andtransforming of the kidney

三焦为通道the triple energizerserve as the passage-way

饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。

After food and water have entered the stomach,they are

digested and transformed into food essence and then,

transmittedupward to the spleen, which disperses the essence

upward to the lung and thelung regulates water pathways

downward to the urinary bladder. And by doing sobody fluid is

finally disseminated to all parts of the body along all

themeridians and collaterals.

body fluid is formed from food and water bydigestion and

absorption of the stomach, separating the clarity from

theturbidity of the small intestine and tramformation of the

spleen; thedistribution and excretion of body fluid are

accomplished by the joint actionof many zang-fu organ, such as

the transforming function of the spleen, thedispersing and

descending function of the lung, the steaming and

ascendingfunction of the kidney; and body fluid takes triple

energizer as itspassageway for distribution and excretion.

(1)津液由胃中消化吸收、小肠进行分清别浊、脾运化的水谷中形成。(2)津液的分布和排泄由许多脏腑组织共同完成，如脾的运化功能、肺的宣发肃降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功能。(3)津液以三焦为通道进行分布和排泄。

[藏象学说]The Theory ofVisceral Manifestations

脏腑the internalorgans,viscera.

藏/脏solid organs, viscera, depots, zang organs, yin organs

府/腑hollow organs, bowels (the intestines), palaces, fu

organs, yang organs

五脏five viscera,five zang organs, the yin organs

六腑six bowels,six fu organs, the yang organs

心，肝，脾，肺，肾

heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney

胆，胃，大肠，小肠，膀胱，三焦

gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, smallintestine, (urinary)

bladder, triple energizer/burner

奇恒之腑extraordinaryfu organs

脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞

brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder, uterus

心包pericardium

上/中/下焦upper/ middle/lower energizer/burner

命门gate of life, life gate, vital gate, gate of vitality

苗窍signal orifice

膻中thoracic center

膜(募)原interior-exteriorinterspace

五神five emotions

五华five lustre

五体five bodyconstituents

五志five minds

五液five humors

七情seven emotions

膏肓cardio-diaphgramaticinterspace

丹田Dantan /Elixir field

赤白肉际:dorso-ventralboundary (of the hand or foot),

house of blood (血府): blood vessel

house of marrow (髓府): bone

sea of blood (血海): liver (orconception vessel)

sea of marrow (髓海): brain

blood chamber (血室): uterus (orconception vessel)

essence chamber (精室):life gate

藏精气而不泻storing essencewithout leaking

传化物而不藏digesting andtransporting food and drink

without storing essence /transform food intoessence but not

store it

心主血脉。The heart governs theblood and (blood ) vessels.

The heart regulates the flow of blood.(circulation)

心藏神。The heart stores thespirit.

心开窍于舌。The heart opens intothe tongue.

舌为心之苗窍。The tongue is thesprout of the heart.

心，其华在面。

The Heart’s brilliance manifests in the face.

The heart’s bloom is in the face.

The heart has its outward manifestations on theface.

心与小肠相表里。

The heart stands in interior-exterior relationshipwith the

small intestine.

肺主气，通调水道。

The lung governs qi.

The lung regulates the waterways.

The lungs move and adjust the Water Channels.

肺主皮毛。

The lung governs the skin and [body] hair.

The lung is in charge of the body surface.

肺合皮毛。

The lung is interrelated with the skin and [body]hair.

The brilliance of the Lungs manifests in the bodyhair.

In other words, the Lungs regulate the secretionof sweat, the

moistening of the skin, and resistance to External

PerniciousInfluences.

肺开窍于鼻。The lung opens at thenose.

鼻为息道。The nose is the“thoroughfare for respiration”.

Many common nose and throat disorders aretherefore

treated through the Lungs.

肺与大肠相表里。

The lung stands in interior-exterior relationshipwith the large

intestine.

The lung governs qi and the heart governs blood.

肺为贮痰之器，脾为生痰之源。

The lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm andthe spleen

is the source of phlegm formation.

肺为气之主，肾为气之根。

The lung is the governor of qi and the kidney isthe root of qi.

肺主一身之表。

The lung is in charge of the body surface.

肺主气，司呼吸。

The lung governs qi, performsrespiration/controlls breathing

主宣发肃降governsdisseminating, cleansing and descending/

governs diffusion, purification anddescending

通调水道regulates thewaterways

肺朝百脉,主治节

The lung connecting all vessels/The lung faces allthe blood

vessels, governs management and regulation

脾主运化水谷，输布精微。

The

essence.

脾统血。

The spleen manages the blood.

脾主肌肉和四肢，开窍于口。

The spleen governs the flesh and limbs, and opensinto the

mouth.

胃主受纳和腐熟水谷。

Take in, food intake

Decompose, digest food into chyme

The stomach governs intake and decomposition(digestion )

of grain and water.

升清

Send clarity (pure) upward

小肠主泌别清浊。

The small intestine governs separation of theclear and the

turbid.

大肠主传化糟粕。

the large intestine governs transformation andconveyance of

waste.

肝主疏泄。

The liver governs free coursing, which refers toliver qi’s

spleen governs movement(transportation)

andtransformation of grain and water and distribution of its

physiological function of ensuring smooth free flow (of qi

andblood).

Ensuring smooth and regular floe of qi;

胆汁的化生和排泄

Secretion and discharge of bile

Emotional disturbance: mental depression, impatience,etc.

肝藏血。

The liver stores blood.

肝藏血是指肝有贮存血液和调节血量的作用。

The liver is capable of retaining blood andregulating the

amount of blood in the body.

食气入胃，淫精于肝。

Food qi enters the stomach and sends essence tothe liver.

肝主筋，其华在爪。

The liver governs the sinews; its bloom is thenails.

肝主筋。爪为筋之余。肝，其华在爪。

The liver governs the sinews: the movement of allthe sinews

of the body is associated with the liver.

肝开窍于目。The liver opens atthe eyes.

肾藏精，主生长、发育和生殖。

The kidney stores essence (or essential qi), andis responsible

for growth, development, and reproduction.(maturation)

肾主骨、生髓。

The kidney governs the bones and engenders marrow.

肾主水。

The kidney governs water.

肾开窍于耳和二阴。其华在发。

The kidney opens into the ears and the two yin(the two

private parts: the urethra and anus) and its bloom is in the hair

ofthe head.

Kidney yin (true yin, original yin) has a

moisten and nourish滋养和濡润

warm and activate推动和温煦

produce and store essence化生和贮藏精气

receive, trsport and transform water and food受盛和传化水谷

Viscera inside the body must manifest themselvesexternally.

有诸内，必形诸外。

Kidney yin and kidney yang are in reality twoantagonistic and

complementary aspects of kidney essential qi.

Detriment (damage or harm) to yin affects yang.

Detriment to yang affects yin

[病因]Etiology

邪，病邪Evil; Pathogenicfactor; Pathogen

六淫six excesses; sixexogenous pathogenic factors; six

climatic pathogenic factors; Six externalpernicious influences

风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火wind, cold,summer-heat, dampness,

dryness,fire

外感六淫diseases caused byexogenous pathogenic factor

六气Six qi;Six naturalfactors;Six climatic factors;Six climatic

influences;Six exogenous qi

疫疠(疠气)Pestilence;pestilential qi

内生五邪Five EndogenousPathogenic Factors;Five Internal

Pernicious Influences

七情seven emotions;seven affects

喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊joy, anger, melancholy (sadness,

worry), anxiety (pensiveness,contemplation), grief (sorrow), fear,

fright

七情内伤internal damage dueto seven emotions

饮食Improper diet;imbalanced diet

内伤脾胃，百病由生。

Internal damage of the spleen and stomach willresult in the

occurrence of various diseases./The occurrence of

variousdiseases may result from the internal damage of the

spleen and stomach.

外伤traumaticinjuries

跌打损伤，金刃伤，虫兽咬伤Traumatic injuries due to fall,

cuts, insect or animal bites

痰饮Phlegm-fluid

瘀血Blood stasis