【大师特稿】2019届高考英语总复习练习 专题2第3讲 形容词和副词 含答

2024年2月4日发(作者：)

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第三讲 形容词和副词

句子成分切莫忘

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

1．(2017·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a

____________ (shine) object.

shiny/shining 解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have

been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

fairly 解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词.

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow

steady.__________________ __

steady→steadily 解析：grow是谓语动词，故用副词修饰.

4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become

a very seriously problem.____________________

seriously→serious 解析：problem为名词，前面应用形容词修饰.

5．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part

of the country.____________________

availably→available 解析：修饰名词jobs应用形容词，availably是副词.

Ⅱ通关点击 _________________________________________________________原则这样解读

(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；

(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词；

(3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果.

(2017·山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford

before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功.

Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her.

幸运的是，她的继母对她很好.

After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.

经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累.

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牢记几组易混形容词、副词

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

1．(2017·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish

here and there. An hour later, I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes ____________

(wide) open.

wide 解析：考查副词.空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”.注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等.

2．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God，help me！” I begged anxiously. “Is

there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” ____________，

there was no sign of anyone.

However 解析：考查副词.空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为“看不到任何人”，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词However.

3．(2017·沈阳监测)I received an ____________ (amaze) look because he thought I was

crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.

amazed 解析：考查形容词.空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the

Internet.____________________

Beside→Besides 解析：beside是介词，此处需要副词，故用besides，表示“除……之外(还)”.

5．(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister

and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.____________________

before→ago 解析：before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前；ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前.根据句意可知，指大约在五年前，故用ago.

6．(2016·浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice

I remember well years late.____________________

late→later 解析：句意：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰.本句中混用了late与later，前者为形容词“迟到，迟做”或副词“迟，晚”，后者为副词“后来”.“一段时间＋later”表示这段时间之后.

7．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals.

However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize

our dreams._____ _______________

However→Therefore 解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词.且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开，所以应用therefore.

8．(2017·合肥第一次质量检测)I had a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know

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the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly.____________________

hardly→hard 解析：考查副词.句意：因此我决定努力学习英语.hard意为“努力地”，hardly意为“几乎不”.根据句意可知，应用hard.

Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

1．before, ago

(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起.

(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起.

2．late, later

(1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚

(2)later (也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来，以后

3．however, therefore

(1)however：副词，表示转折.

(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系.

4．常见的易用错的形容词和副词

(1)以­ly结尾的形容词.如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等.

(2)意义有别的同根副词.如：

close靠近(通常指距离)

hard努力地，费力地

most最，(程度上)最大，非常

closely密切地，仔细地

hardly几乎不

mostly一般地，主要地

(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以－ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义.如：

wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解

high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高

deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动

5．－ed型形容词和－ing型形容词

解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed).

构词知识记端详

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

1．(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his

education, brought him home to look after the sheep.

unwilling 解析：根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知，此处表示“不愿意的”，故填unwilling.

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2．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up

at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax)

experiences of my life.

relaxing 解析：名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰experiences，故用relaxing“令人放松的”.

3．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest

____________(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.

lasting 解析：用在名词前应为定语，故用lasting“持续的”.

4．(2017·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were

to me! I will always be ____________(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.

thankful 解析：考查形容词.be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处用形容词形式.

5．(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)This is also where friends and family gather to keep

warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me feel ____________(peace), and

it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life.

peaceful 解析：考查形容词.该句中的“feel”为连系动词，后接形容词，此处表示“坐在炉火旁使我感到平静”.

6．(2017·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available

in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ____________(benefit),

but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.

beneficial 解析：考查形容词.此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语.

Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

1．形容词变副词的后缀

后缀

直接加­ly

改y为­ily

去e加­ly

2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀

常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有：­able, ­al, ­ful, ­ed, ­ing, ­ible, ­ive, ­ous,

­some, ­y, ­ern, ­ish等.

后缀

­able

­ed

­ing

示例

accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的

confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的

convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的

示例

slow adj.慢的→slowly adv.缓慢地

happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地

true adj.真的→truly adv.真地

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­ful

­al

­ible

­ous

forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的

nature n．自然→natural adj.自然的

access n．进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的

caution n．谨慎→cautious adj.谨慎的

3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀

常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis­， il­， im­， in­， ir­， mis­， un­， ­less等.

前/后缀

il­

in­

ir­

un­

­less

示例

legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的

convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的

regular adj.有规律的→irregular adj.没规律的

willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的

useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的

考查比较等级

比较等级细思量

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take

a step back and identify(识别) those of ____________(great) and less importance.

greater 解析：句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要.根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater.

2．(2017·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even

____________(far)．

farther/further 解析：考查比较级.根据该句中的“even”可以判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级.

3．(2017·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much

____________(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than

helicopters.

quieter 解析：考查形容词比较级.根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级.

4．(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit

at the first table that was ____________(convenient) than others.

more convenient 解析：考查形容词的比较级.根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词仔细审题、认真作答

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的比较级.

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables

together.____________________

earlier→early 解析：此处没有比较的含义，仅表示主语习惯性的行为，应用early.

6．(2015·陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask

her for help.____________________

better→best 解析：根据句子后面的限定范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级.

Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

1．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”.

It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.

人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好.

2．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的”.

Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao­tong University or Fudan

University?

上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？

3．“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”.

New York is one of the biggest cities in America.

纽约是美国最大的城市之一.

4．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义.

Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss.

为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了.

5．可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit,

a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等，常放在比较级的前面.

The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.

这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多.

,[学生用书P21] )

Ⅰ 单句语法填空

1．(2017·福建六校联考)Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help

to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.

healthy 解析：句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快.stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语.故填healthy.

2．(2017·河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of

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painting and became very ____________(anger) about it.

angry 解析：句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气.系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填 angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语.

3．(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in

the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.

warmly 解析：考查副词.根据空前的were greeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式.

4．(2017·太原二模)Life is about giving and taking, and it’s

____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive.

generally 解析：考查副词.修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally.

5．(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the

____________(fast) you will move toward your goal.

faster 解析：句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标.此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”.因此，设空处应用比较级.故填faster.

6．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third

____________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population,

will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.

largest 解析：考查形容词最高级.由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country.

7．(2017·安徽滁州中学模拟)____________(obvious), a good habit can help us to

speed up to reach our destinations.

Obviously 解析：句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地.设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词.故填Obviously.

8．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ____________(hope)

because he thought his father had brought him a present.

hopefully 解析：修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式.

9．(2017·山东临沂一模)It is one of the most ____________(amaze) TV shows from

an artistic point of view.

amazing 解析：句意：从艺术的角度，那是最惊人的电视节目之一.设空处后为名词，由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语.amazing惊人的.

10．(2017·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more

water—a low－cost, sugar－free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which

may allow many kids to feel ____________(great) throughout the day and do better

in school.

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greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级.根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级.

Ⅱ 单句改错

1．(2017·广东七校联考)As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national

anthem, feeling extremely exciting.____________________

exciting→excited 解析：考查形容词.该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”.

2．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)He was a Enropean billionaire who got

everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health

began to get worse and he led a miserable life.____________________

Therefore→However 解析：考查副词.上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，该句说在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康状况变得越来越糟.上下文为转折关系，故用However.

3．(2017·云南八校区调研)I don’t think that it is a truly eco－travel. An eco－travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our

responsibility as well.____________________

truly→true 解析：考查形容词.此处应用形容词修饰名词eco－travel.

4．(2017·长沙一模)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite

amusement shows.____________________

删除most 解析：考查最高级.句意：美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一.favorite意为“最喜欢的”，无最高级形式.

5．(2017·南昌十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have

physical and mental problems.____________________

clear→clearly 解析：词性错误.此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词.clearly“清晰地”.

6．(2017·皖北协作区联考)We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to

the hospital in no time. We felt happily to help him.____________________

happily→happy 解析：feel是系动词，后面要用形容词作表语.故将happily改为happy.

Ⅲ 语法填空

(2017·山西临汾适应性训练)Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew

in search of food 1.____________(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long

distance and were very tired. The dove king 2.____________(courage) them to fly a

little further. The 3.____________(small) of them picked up speed and found some

rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a

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net fell over 4.____________(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5.________

____ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their

wings trying to get out, but 6.____________ vain. The king advised all the doves

to fly up together carrying the net with them.

Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the

net with them. The hunter looked up in 7.____________(astonish). He tried to follow

them, but they were flying high over hills and valleys. They flew to a hill,

8.____________ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained

what 9.____________(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10.____________(freely)

by cutting the net and they flew away together.

Unity is strength.

[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文.作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者：团结就是力量.

1．led 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语.主语a flock of doves与lead为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词led.

2．encouraged 解析：句意：鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点.设空处在句中作谓语，故用动词encourage；本句讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.

3．smallest 解析：根据第一句中的a flock of doves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只，至少是三只或三只以上.再根据设空处前的定冠词The可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式，故填smallest.

4．them 解析：设空处作宾语，故用宾格形式them.

5．a 解析：设空处后的名词hunter在本句中表示泛指，故填a.

6．in 解析：in vain为固定短语，意为：徒劳，无效.

7．astonishment 解析：in astonishment为固定短语，意为：惊讶地.

8．where 解析：考查定语从句.先行词为hill，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where.

9．had happened 解析：happen先于explained发生，表示“过去的过去”，故设空处用过去完成时.

10．free 解析：free为固定短语，意为：释放，解放.

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