酸洗、钝化工艺规程

2024年2月4日发(作者：)

Acid Pickling and Passivation Procedure

酸洗、钝化工艺

VENDOR DOCUMENT NO.

文件编号：

Item Name

项目名称

Job No.

工作令号

Rev. No.

版本号：

Prepared By:

Date: Checked By: Date:

编制： 日期： 审核： 日期：

1 Purpose &Scope 目的和范围

This procedure is applied to Cleaning, acid pickling and passivation for

internal & external surfaces of austenitic stainless steel vessels and parts that

we manufactured for XXXX Project. As the original 2B surfaces and have been polished

treatment surfaces, the pickling and passivation could be combine, otherwise step

by step.

本工艺适用于制造的项目名称铬、镍奥氏体不锈钢容器及零部件的内、外表面酸洗钝化处理。对于原始表面2B状态及抛光处理后的表面将酸洗、钝化一次完成，否则分开进行。

2 Reference standards 参考标准

ASTM A380-2006 《Cleaning and Descaling of Stainless Steel》

ASTM A380-2006 《不锈钢洗清和除垢》

3 Compositions of pickling and passivation liquid（paste）

酸洗钝化液(膏)主要成分

The main composition of pickle liquid is HNO3, HF and water.

酸洗液主要成分为：HNO3、HF和水。

HNO3 (Nitric Acid 67%) 6 ～ 25%

HNO3（硝酸67%重量试剂） 6 ～ 25%

HF (Hydrofluoric Acid 70%) 1 ～ 6%

HF (氢氟酸70%重量) 1 ～ 6%

b） The main composition of pickle paste as below:

酸洗膏成分如下：

HNO3 30～50% , HF 3～8%

Acid mist inhibitor 酸雾抑制剂 1～2%

Inorganic polymeric resin 无机聚合树脂 15～35%

注:酸洗膏的成分具体见产品说明书。

Note: The composition of pickle read product’s user manual.

a)

4 Process flow 工艺过程

条件检查Check

脱脂Degrease

酸洗钝化Picking and Passivation

清洗Clean

干燥Dry

检查Check

5 Detail Steps 具体操作步骤

5.1 Preparation 准备

Before picking and passivation , we should check the surfaces, any scar,

spatter or oil dirt is inadmissible. If any defects exist, repair it first

according to WPS. Only when the quality has met the requirement, can we done

the picking and passivation or it will affect the quality. The tail hole on pad

reinforcement shall be plugged with stud.

仔细检查容器表面，不允许存在焊疤、焊接飞溅物、油垢。有凹坑缺陷的，应先按WPS补焊或修磨，达到要求后再进行处理,否则影响酸洗钝化处理的质量,位于垫板等的检漏孔应封堵。

Completion of the stainless steel vessels or parts according to drawings and

process documents, check the requirements again by the inspector and the

polishing and the pressure test shall be completed and qualified.

对制造完工后的不锈钢容器或零部件按图样和工艺文件的要求，对规定项目检查、抛光及压力试验工序合格后才能进行酸洗、钝化预处理。

5.2 Degreasing 脱脂

5.2.1 Material: Qiangcui Degreasing paste.

使用强翠牌脱脂膏。

5.2.2 Laying on Paste---- Degreasing paste shall be spread on the weld and

surface vessel evenly.

涂抹——脱脂膏应均匀地涂抹于设备表面和焊缝处。

5.2.3 Keeping----- Degreasing paste should be holding 20～30 minutes on the

weld surface and 10～20 minutes on the vessel surface.

保持——脱脂膏应在焊缝上保持20～30 分钟，容器表面保持10～20 分钟。

5.2.4 Washing----- it shall be washed with Pure Water.

Pure Water should satisfy the following requirements:

Chlorine Content<25ppm

Heavy metals<0.1ppm

Germs<0.2ppm

冲洗——用大量纯水冲洗

纯水要求：Cl离子含量<25ppm；重金属<0.1ppm；细菌<0.2ppm

5.3 Procedure for pickling and passivation 酸洗钝化工序

5.3.1 The use of Qiangcui acid pickling and passivation paste.

使用强翠牌酸洗钝化膏。

5.3.2 The top head and the shell shall be acid washed and passivated before

the closing weld.

上封头与筒体在封闭焊之前内表面先分别酸洗钝化。

5.3.3 Laying on Paste----The acid pickling and passivation paste shall be

spread on the weld surface and vessel surface evenly.

涂抹——酸洗钝化膏应均匀地涂抹于设备表面和焊缝处。

5.3.4 Keeping----- The acid pickling and passivation paste should be holding

20～30 minutes on the weld surface and 10～20 minutes on the surface.

保持——酸洗钝化膏应在焊缝上保持20～30 分钟，容器表面保持10～20 分钟。

5.3.5 Swabbing----- The surface shall be swabbed with the Scotch® Brite. (a

sort of cloth)

拭抹——表面用百洁布拭擦。

5.3.6 Washing----- it shall be washed with Pure Water.

Pure Water should satisfy the following requirements:

Chlorine Content<25ppm

Heavy metals<0.1ppm

Germs<0.2ppm

冲洗——用大量纯水冲洗

纯水要求：Cl离子含量<25ppm；重金属<0.1ppm；细菌<0.2ppm

5.5.5 Drying & Package------ The surface shall be swabbed up the water with cloth

and blew dry. Then the equipment shall be packed with stretch film.

擦干——用干净布擦去水渍吹干，缠绕膜缠绕包装保护。

NOTES: 注意事项:

The best temperature of pickling is from 21℃ to 60℃. When the temperature

is too low, cleaning effects will be not good. To clean well, we can increase

the temperature to resolve.

酸洗钝化的最佳温度在21～60℃之间，温度过低时，清洗效果变差，此时可采取加温的方式以提高清洗效果。任何情况下不能在5℃以下操作。

we can increase solution concentration to improve cleaning performance.

当温度较低时，也可采取提高浓度的方式提高清洗效果。

Pickling paste on surfaces is about 0.5-4 h, if the products have special

requirements, the reaction time can be extended appropriately, but avoid

excessive pickling

一般情况下酸洗膏在产品上约为0.5～4小时.如对钝化性能要求高的产品,可将时间适当延长.但要避免过度酸洗。

5.4 Washing 清洗

5.4.1 After pickling, wash the titanium surfaces by water whose content of

chlorine ion is no more than 25ppm. If necessary, the surface can be

scrubbed in 50℃ (only Nylon brush).

酸洗完成后，用氯离子含量≤25ppm的清水采用高压水枪进行冲洗，可能的话用热水刷洗表面（只能使用尼龙刷子），直至被清洗设备或零部件表面目视或检测无可见污物；

5.4.2 The surface should be kept wet between pickling and washing to decrease

the damage created by remain of pickle.

在酸洗及水冲洗之间，应尽可能保持表面湿润，以减少因酸洗液残留而可能造成的对表面的损坏。

5.4.3 Check acid products has been cleared completely by the PH value,when

PH value maintain stability and in the permitted water(PH6-8),washing

is finished.

通过测定洗涤后水的pH值，检查是否已经完全清除了酸洗制品。当洗涤后的水的pH值已稳定、并且在水质允许范围内(PH6-8)时，洗涤即告完成。

5.5 Dry 干燥

5.5.1 After washing all the surfaces, the cotton cloth and/or clean and dry

air can be used for drying the surfaces.

所有表面冲洗干净后，用洁净的棉布和/或干燥洁净的空气吹干表面。

5.5.2 When normal air cant dry,use air which heated to 60~80℃and filtered

dry,and air can be instead of available nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon

or helium instead of air

当仅用常温压缩空气无法吹干燥时，可采用加热至60~80℃的经过滤的清洁压缩热空气吹干，可用氮、二氧化碳、氩或氦代替空气；

5.5.3 In the process of drying, the compressed air must be dry, clean, no oil,

and must be filtered before blow in the equipment or components

干燥过程使用的压缩空气必须干燥、清洁、无油，吹在设备或零部件之前必须经过过滤器；

5.6 INSPECTION 检查

5.6.1 Visual Inspection 外观质量检查

Category酸洗钝化类别

Contents

内容

Item

检查项目

Method

检查方法

如304(抛光),316L(2B),S30408

脱酯、酸洗钝化、干燥

Degrease、pickling and passivation、dry

Visual Inspection No oxidic color, no other color, no

Cleanness

目视检查 marker, no acid

清洁度

(Use gloves when required)无氧化色、无杂色、无记号笔、无剩余酸

（有要求时用白手套检测） 毫和酸液痕迹

Rust

有无铁锈

Other things

有无异物

Oil

有无油分

Surface

quality表面质量

5.6.2

Blue Point Checking蓝点检验

⑴ Blue point checking is an effective method of inspection for the embedded iron.

蓝点检验是对嵌入铁的一种有效检验方法，其试剂配方如下：

Visual Inspection

目视检查

Visual Inspection

目视检查

Visual Inspection

目视检查

(Use gloves when required)（有要求时用白手套检测）

Visual Inspection

目视检查

No rust无任何铁锈

No other things

无任何异物（灰尘、塑料膜及其它异物）

No oil

(用黑光灯)检测无油

No bruise

表面无碰伤、无划伤

Formulation

配方

distilled water

蒸馏水

nitric ac（60%~70%）

硝酸

Potassium ferricyanide

氩铁氰化钾

%

94

3

3

volume（or weight）

体积（或重量）

1000cm

20 cm

30g

33⑵ Splash the solvent on the work piece with spraying device. Observe the surface

after several minutes. Check the color of the surface. Judge whether the iron

ion has been completely eliminated.

检验操作:用喷洒器将溶剂均匀喷在被检工件表面、30-60秒后、观察是否有蓝色呈现，判断酸洗后的工件是否已将铁离子清除干净。检验完成后应用湿棉布将溶剂清除干净或用干净水（纯净水）冲洗干净

⑶ After checking, use wet cotton cloth to wipe the solvent or use clean water

to wash.

检验完成后应用湿棉布将溶剂清除干净或用干净水（纯净水）冲洗干净

⑷

The checker record result.

检验员记录检验结果见附件

6 SAFETY 安全

6.1 The materials of acid pickling and passivation shall be kept properly.

酸洗钝化膏应保存在适当的地方。

6.2 Mind of safety operation. The skin contacts with acid are forbidden. If the

skin contact acid, the skin shall be washed a large quantity of fresh water.

操作时应保持头脑清醒，皮肤不得接触酸液，一旦皮肤沾上酸液，应马上用大量水洗干净。

6.3 Safety training, area of safe operation and labor protection articles.

人员安全培训，酸洗区隔离，确定必须的用具和劳动防护用品。

6.4 The water for pickling should go through sewage disposal system before

draining

酸洗污水经水处理达标后才可排放。

7 Attachment附表

除油脱脂检验记录

Degreasing Record and Examine

第1页 共1页

Page of 1

记录编号/版本Record No./Rev.:

项目名称 工作令号

设备主材

施工日期

序号 部位 外观检查 检查结果

NO Position Appearance Test Inspection Results

1

主焊缝焊接处(内、外 )

2

夹缝处

3

接管与筒体的焊接处(内、外 )

无油脂、油污、油漆、泥土、粗砂、浮锈、记号笔、铁锈

4

设备内外表面

5

其余部位

6

7

除油脱脂

时间

温度

冲洗介质 冲洗后PH值PH (6~8)

Degreasing Time(min) Temperature Washing Medium value after Washing(6~8)

除油脱脂

其他/Other

Degreasing

施工班组 检验员 三方

签字/Signature 签字/Signature 签字/Signature

注：检查结果可接受的打“√”，不可接受的打“×”。

Note:The inspection results is accepted sign“√”,if the inspection results is rejected sign“×”.

第1页 共1页

Page of 1

酸洗钝化检验记录

Pickling and Passivation Record and Examine

记录编号/版本Record No./Rev.:

项目名称

设备主材

序号

NO

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

部位

Position

主焊缝焊接处(内、外 )

夹缝处

接管与筒体的焊接处(内、外 )

无严重色差、无锈迹、无油污

No serious off color,no rust,no

pollution

外观检查

Appearance Test

工作令号

施工日期

检查结果

Inspection Results

检验员

注：检查结果可接受的打“√”，不可接受的打“×”。

Note:The inspection results is accepted sign“√”,if the inspection results is rejected sign“×”.

三方

温度

Temperature

冲洗介质

Washing Medium

蓝点检测

Blue Dot Detection

检查结果

Inspection Results

冲洗后PH值PH (6~8)

value after Washing(6~8)

除油脱脂

Degreasing

设备内外表面

其余部位

主焊缝焊接处(内、外 )

酸洗/钝化时间(h)

Pickling/Passivating time(h)

其他/Other

施工班组

在30秒内脱脂棉（或粗滤纸）上无蓝点出现

No blue dot appears

within 30 seconds