(完整版)英语发音规则

2024年2月5日发(作者：)

英语发音规则

字母是书写英语单词的最小单位，音素是语言中最小的发音单位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母两种。英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在着对应关系。有时一个字母对应一个音素，有时两个或三个字母对应一个音素。

字组指的是一个或几个字母在一起，发一个音素。字组是拼读英语单词的基本单位，一个字组对应着一个音素。字组能很好地体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的对应关系，一个字组总是对应着一个因素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两类，元字组是对元音字母和元音字母组合的合称；辅音组是对辅音字母和辅音字母组合的合称。

A

①在开音节中/eɪ/：name, plane, Jane, baby, cake

②在闭音节中

1一般读作/æ/：bag, dad, hat, map, black, back

2后面字母为后面字母为st, ss, th时读/ɑ:/

E

①在开音节中/i:/：he, these, me, Chinese

②在闭音节中/e/：bed, let, pen, desk, yes, egg

I

①在开音节中/aɪ/：bike, drive, time, nice, kite

②在闭音节中/ɪ/：fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swim

O

①在开音节中/əʊ/：those, close, go, hoe, home, no

②在闭音节中/ɒ/：clock, not, box, shop, sock

U

①在开音节中

1./ju:/：student, excuse, duty, Tuesday

2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时（辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]）, 读/u:/, 例如：June, blue, ruler, true。

②在闭音节中/ʌ/：bus, cup, jump, much, lunch

A

①在/w/音后面/ɒ/：want, what, watch, wash, quality

②在f, n, sk, ph, sp, ss, st, th, lm前/α:/：after, plant, ask, grasp, glass, fast, father

I

在-nd, -ld和gh前/aɪ/：find, child, light, high

O

①在-st, -ld前/əʊ/：most, postcard, old, cold

②在m, n, v, th前/ʌ/：come, monkey, love, mother

A

/ə/：China, another, woman, breakfast

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置, 作动词后缀音, a读/eɪ/音, 例如：operate, a处在开音节位置,

E

/ə/：hundred, student, open, weekend, chicken, children

I

①/ə/：holiday, beautiful, family, animal

②/aɪ/：exercise, satellite

O

①/ə/：second, tonight, somebody, welcome

②/əʊ/：also, zero, photo

U

①/ə/：autumn, difficult

②/ju:/ ：popular, congratulation, January

③在辅音字母j, l, r, s后面时, 读/ʊ/或/u:/音, 例如：July, influence, February, issue。

在非重读音节中, 许多单词中的元音字母a, e, i既可以读/ə/的音, 也可以读/ɪ/的音。

AR

①/α:/：car, farm, dark, sharpener

②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/：warm, quarter, towards

OR

①/ɔ:/：forty morning short

②/ɜ:/：word worker worse

ER, IR, UR

/ɜ:/：certainly bird Thursday

注：

①辅音字母r双写时, 前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry, sorry,

hurry。

②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音, 例如：dollar, teacher, martyr, forget, Saturday。

ARE

/eə/：care, dare, hare

ERE

/ɪə/：here, mere

IRE

/aɪə/：fire, hire, wire

ORE

/ɔ:/：more, score, before

URE

/jʊə/：pure, cure

-RE

/ə/：centre, fibre, titre, meagre, saltpetre

注：

①are, ere, ire, ore很少出现在非重读音节中, ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音, 例如：picture, pleasure。

②重读元音字母加r, 再加非重读元字组时, 重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读, 字母r读/r/音。例如：parent, zero, story, during, inspiring。

③另外, 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange, very, American, paragraph。

AI, AY

/eɪ/：afraid, rain, wait, day, play

AIR

/eə/：air, hair, chair, pair, repair

AL

①在l, k前/ɔ:/：small, ball, talk, wall, all, talk,

②/ɔ:l/：always, also, salt, almost

③在f, m前/α:/：half, calm

AU, AW

/ɔ:/：autumn, daughter, draw

EA

①/i:/：teach, easy, cheap, please

②/e/：heavy, bread, sweater, weather

③/eɪ/：break, great

EAR

①/ɪə/：hear, dear, near, clear, year

②/eə/：bear, pear, wear, swear

③/ɜ:/：earth, learn, early

EE

/i:/：jeep, week, green, three

EER

/ɪə/：pioneer, deer, beer

EI, EY

①/eɪ/：eight, neighbour, they

②/i:/：seize, key

EU, EW

①在j, l, r, s后/u:/：flew, brew, jewelry, jewel

②/ju:/：new, few, newspaper

IE, EI

/s/音之后/i:/：piece, field, receive

OA

/əʊ/：coat, Joan, boat, goal

OAR, OOR

/ɔ:/：roar, board, door, floor

OI, OY

/ɔɪ/：noise, point, boy, toilet

OO

/u:/：broom, food, tooth, school, zoo

/ʊ/：book, look, cook, foot, good, football

OU, OW

①/aʊ/：flower, house, count, down

②/əʊ/：know, row, throw, though

③/ʌ/：young, country, enough

④/u:/：group, soup

OUR

①/ɔ:/：course, your, four

②/aʊə/：our, hour, sour

③/ɜ:/：journey

OUL

/ʊ/：would, should, could(主要是情态动词、助动词）

UI

①在j, l, r, s后/u:ɪ/：fluid, suicide, tuition

②/u:/：juice, fruit, suit

AI, AY, EI, EY

/ɪ/：foreign, monkey

OW

/əʊ/：yellow, sparrow, tomorrow

注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如：serious, famous, biscuit, coffee, neighbour

-SION, -TION

①/ʃən/：impression, nation

②在元音字母后/ʒən/：vision, decision, occasion

③在s后/tʃən/：question, suggestion

-ISLE

/aɪl/：aisle, Carlisle

-STEN

/sən/：listen

-STLE

/sl/：whistle

-SURE

/ʒə/：pleasure, measure

-TURE

/tʃə/：picture, culture

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday/eɪ/, handbag/æ/, blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义, 融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：holy（神圣）+day/eɪ/（日子）=holiday/ɪ/（假日）：break（中断）+fast/α:/（斋戒）=breakfast/ə/（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board/ɔ:/（木板）=cupboard/ə/（碗柜）。

B

①/b/：bike, bus, bag

②/不发/：bomb, tomb

C

①在e前或在i, y前/s/：face, decide, cinema, bicycle

②其他情况/k/：cake, picture, coat, music

③/tʃ/：cello, concerto

CH

①/tʃ/：much, chick, rich, teacher

②/k/：school, headache, chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）

③/ʃ/：machine, moustache（主要是法语外来词）

-CK/CQ

[k]：cock, pocket, black, knock, checque,

CZ

[tʃ]：Czech

D

/d/：doctor, bread, hand, day

-DG(E)

/dʒ/：bridge, fridge

DR-

/dr/：children, driver, drink

DS

/dz/：hands（主要用于可数名词复数）

F

/f/：five, four, breakfast

/v/：of

G

①/g/：bag, garden, go

②在e, i, y之前一般读作/dʒ/, 少数例外, orange, large, German, apology, giant

③e, i, y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/：genre, massage

GH

①/f/：cough, enough

②/不发/：light, daughter, high

GU-, -GUE

①/g/：guess, league, dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)

②/gw/：language, anguish

H

①/h/：hot, head, house, hand

②/不发/：hour, honest

J

①/dʒ/：jeep, jar, joke, join, June

②/ʒ/：Jacques（用于法国人名）

③/h/：Juanita（用于西班牙人名）

K

/k/：kind, bike, skate, make, week

KN-

/n/：knife, know, knock

L

①/l/：life, lead, lot（出现在元音前面）

②/ɫ/：milk, school, tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前, 也可出现在辅音后（词尾）]

M

/m/：monkey, come

-MN

/m/：autumn, column, solemn

N

①/n/：not, shine, ten, note

②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/：uncle, thank, hungry

-NG

/ŋ/：morning, young, wrong

P

/p/：paper, plane, pig, ship, pen

PH

/f/：elephant, photo, telephone, graph

Q

/k/：Iraq

QU-

/kw/：quality, quite

R

/r/：red, rubber, ruler

RZ

/ʒ/：Zabrze（扎布热）

S

①在词首、清辅音前/s/：sit, sleep, desk

②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/：music, husband

③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/：ensure, Asian. /ʒ/：pleasure, conclusion.

SC-

①/sk/：scarlet

②在i, e和y之前/s/：scenery, science

SCH-

/ʃ/：schedule 英 /′ʃedju:l/, 美/′skedʒul/

SH

/ʃ/：she, fish, shirt, wash

T

①/t/ten, letter, meet

②在弱读字母ia, ie, io前/ʃ/patient, nation

TCH

/tʃ/watch

TH

①/θ/thin, thirty, method

②/ð/the, these, with, than, clothe, father, weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中, 以及在词尾-the, -ther中

TR-

/tr/tree, train, country, truck

TS, TZ

/ts/ Tsingtao(青岛), Tientsin(天津), pants（主要用于可数名词复数）

quartz, Hertz 英/hə:z/ 美/hə:rts/（用于德国人名）

V

/v/very, voice, love, leave

W

①/w/week, win, wake, sweet, wait

②/不发/answer, two, sword

WH-

①/w/what, when, white, why

②在字母o前/h/who, whose, whole

WR-

/r/write

X

①在重读元音后/ks/box, text, exercise

②ex+重音元音读/gz/, example, exist, exact

③/z/xylophone

Y

/j/yes, yard, yellow, young

Z

①/z/puzzle, zero, zoo

②/ʒ/azure

③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词）

ZH

/ʒ/ zhoosh