英语名词变复数的规则、用法及练习题

2024年2月6日发(作者：)

英语名词变复数的规则、用法及练习题

英语名词变复数的规则及练习题

1. 名词

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：

1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。

1.1 名词复数的规则变化

情况: 构成方法

读音: 例词

一般情况加-s ,清辅音后读/s/

map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读/z/

bag-bags /car-cars

以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-es 读/iz/

bus-buses/ watch-watches

以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/

license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i再加es,读/z/

baby---babies

1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化

1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：

two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios

zoo---zoos；

b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：

a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；

b. 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:

handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet

tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars;

a meter, two meters。

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people

police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss

等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries

and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The

United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。

1.4 不可数名词量的表示

1）物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）

These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）

We need various steels.（可数）

c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：

four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations 四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如

a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。

5. 定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

1) 用复数作定语。例如：

sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室

talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系

2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：

men workers women teachers gentlemen officials

3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例4）goods

train （货车）arms produce武器生产

customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：

two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划

1.6 不同国籍人的单复数

国籍

总称（谓语用复数）

中国人

the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese

瑞士人

the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

澳大利亚人

the Australians an Australian two Australians

俄国人

the Russians a Russian two Russians

意大利人

the Italians an Italian two Italians

希腊人

the Greek a Greek two Greeks

法国人

the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

日本人

the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

美国人

the Americans an American two Americans 印度人

the Indians an Indian two Indians

加拿大人

the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

德国人

the Germans a Germans two Germans

英国人

the English an Englishman two Englishmen

瑞典人

the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

1.7 名词的格

英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：

1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。

3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。

5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如：

John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）

6）复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：

a month or two's absence

1.8 练习

was eager to make some extra money, since during

these years he could hardly live on his_______.

a．little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages

of the houses in the village were burnt to ______

during the war.

a. an ash

b. the ash

c. ash

d. ashes

students at colleges or universities are making ______

for the coming New Year.

a. many preparations

b. much preparation

c. preparations

d. preparation

ng in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

a. oil

b. an oil

c. oils

d. the oil

the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil

here.

a. much

b. lots of

c. a great deal of

d. many

large houses are being painted, but ______.

a. of great expense

b. at a great expense

c. in

a lot of expenses d. by high expense

room was small and contained far too ______.

new furniture c. much new furnitures

new furniture d. many new furnitures

was late for two classes this morning. He said that he

forgot both of the ______.

a. rooms number

b. room number

c. room’s numbers

d. room numbers

/doc/,puters can do

______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.

a great many…many c. much…a great deal

b. a great deal of…much d. many…a great many

didn’t know _____ he had been given.

a. how many information c. how many informations

b. the number of information d. how much information

invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm

b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm

the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

a. women doctors c. woman doctors

b. women doctor d. woman doctor

ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

a. growns-ups c. growns-up

b. grown-up d. grown-ups

police investigated those _____ about the accident.

a. stander-by c. standers-by

b. stander-bys d. standers-bys

Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

er-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war

ers-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war

manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by

Linda lately.

a. new reel

b. news reel

c. new-reels

d. news reels ’s dress is similar in appearance to her

______.

a. elder sister

b. elder sister’s

c. elder sisters

d. elder sisters dress

the people at the conference are ______.

a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher

atics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers

sor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its

softness and its resistance.

a. some property c. properties

b. some properties d. property

s _____ with matter and motion.

a. deal

b. deals

c. dealing

d. are

has written several books, but his last works _____ well

known among his friends.

a. have

b. have been

c. is

d. are

he checked up my ______ heart, the doctor advised

him to rest for a few days.

a. father-in-law’s c. father’s-in-law

b. father-in-law d. father’s-in-law’s

told me _____ would come to his birthday party.

a. many Jack friends c. many Jack’s friend

b. Jack’s many friends d. many friends of Jack’s

24.I had my hair cut at the _____ around the corner.

b. barbers

c. barber’s

d. barbers’

day evening we had a lovely evening at ______.

a. Peter and Helen’s c. Peter and Helen

b. Peter and Helens d. Peter’s and Helen’s

26.______ receives only a small portion of the total amount of

the sun’s energy.

a. The earth’s surface c. The surface of earth

b. The surface earth d. The earth surface

us materials are available to ______.

a. today of designers c. today’s of designers

b. today’s designers d. today designers

did you speak to Peter that way? Don’t you kn ow

he is an old friend of ______?

a. my brother

b. my brothers

c. my brother’s

d. my brother’s friend

29.______ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything

you want to know.

a. This John’s old friend c. That’s Ja hn’s old friend

b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of John’s

30.______ is too much for a little boy to carry.

a.A bike’s weight c. The weight of a bike

weights of a bike d. Bile’s weight

lly there are ______ television programs for children

on Saturday.

a. little

b. much

c. a large number of

d. a large amount of

they got to the lecture-room, there were ______ left.

a. only few seats

b. a very few seats

c. only a few seats

d. so a few seats

33.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the

envelope.

a. A little mail

b. A piece of mail

c. A mail

d. A small mail

Department purchased ______ to improve the working

conditions there.

a. a new equipment c. new equipments

b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments

boy tried hard but there has been ______ in his work.

a. little improvement c. many improvements

b. a little improvement d. few improvements

’s modern TV cameras require ______ light as

compared with the earlier models.

37.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little

country can afford to neglect ______.

a. an education

b. educations

c. education

d. the education

write the answers to the questions at the end of

______.

a. eighth chapter

b. chapter eight

c. eight chapter

d. chapter the eight

39.______ is only surp assed by that of monkeys’ and apes’.

a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs

b. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent

______ must take the graduate Management Admission

Test.

a. bu siness student

b. business’s students

c. business students

d. business’s student

41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a

dollar when you dial it yourself.

a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call

b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call

______ about nuclear energy revolves around the

waste problem.

a. public’s chief concern c. chief public concern

b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public’s

43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the

construction of the transcontinental railroad.

a. Chinese were

b. The Chinese was

c. Chinese was

d. The Chinese were

44.______ can get a better view of the game than the

participants.

a. Looker-on

b. Lookers-on

c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons

45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who

______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes.

a. were

b. have been

c. was

d. has been

livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be.

a. is

b. are

c. be

d. been

of the most surprising things is that ______ may come

from petroleum.

a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow’s food

b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow’s

food

is an orphan but he received ______.

a. very good education c. a very good education

b. very good educations d. many good educations

several day’s hardwo rking, we have made ______

on the design.

a. much improvement c.

many improvement

b. several improvements d. some improvement

boy was very happy that his mother bought him a

new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.

a. shoes shop

b. shoe shop

c. shoes’s shop

d. shoe’s

, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content.

a. large number

b. a large number

c.

a high amount d. the high amount

has done some ______ on that subject from various

angles over the past ten years.

a. research

b. a research

c. researches

d. the researches

ly, he has lost all his ______.

a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card

b. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards

country’s wealth comes chiefly from its many ______.

a. herd of cattle

b. heard of cattles

c. herds of cattle

d. herds of cattles

Britain the ______ are all painted red.

a. letter boxes

b. letters box

c. letters boxes

d. letters’s box

years had passed. I found she had ______.

a. a little white hair c. a few white hair

b. some white hair d. much white hair

his ______ far from satisfaction

a. conduct is

b. conduct are

c. conducts is

d. conducts will be

gh the town had been attacked by the storm

several times, ______ was done.

a. a few damages

b. few damages

c. little damage

d. a little damage

was ______ what to do.

a. at his wit end

b. at his wits end

c. at his wit’s end

d. at his wits’s end

you like to have a cup of tea and ______ with me?

a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d.

tow pieces of toasts

te ______ covering the fact are not obtainable. a.

datum b. datums c. data d. datas

Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few

______.

a. how-are-yous c. how-are-you’s

b. of how-are-you’s d. of how are you

said he met the girl ______

a. at his uncle’s Smith room c. at his uncle Smith’s room

b. at Smith’s his uncle’s roo m d. at the room of his

uncle’s Smith’s

is four months since I last saw Keats ______.

a. at Mrt Smith’s ,the book seller c. at my aunt’s, a book

seller

b. at my aunt’s, Mrs Palmer’s d. at Mrs Palmer’s, the book

seller’s

room is ______.

a. the editor’s-in-chief’s office c. the editor-in-chief’s

office

b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editor’s-in-chief office

old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at ______.

a. a teacher college c. a teacher’s college

b. a teachers’s college d. a college of

a teacher’s

policemen put the criminal ______.

a. in a iron

b. into a iron

c. in irons

d. into a pair of iron

teacher gave me ______.

a. an advice

b. the advice

c. many advice

d. much advice

mother cut the cloth with ______ scissors.

a. a

b. two

c. a couple of

d. a pair of

house is within ______ from the railway station.

a. a stone’s throw

b. a throw of a stone

c. stone’s throw

d. the stone’s throw