Confucius+and+Today's+Society+单词讲义 高中英语冀教版(2019)

2024年2月8日发(作者：)

unit 3 单词讲义

mankind

词性：名词

中文意思：人类

英文释义：the human race or people collectively

词源：来自古英语的"mannes cynne"，意为“人类的智慧”

例句：Mankind has made great progress in science and technology.

固定搭配：mankind as a whole（整个人类）

近义词：humanity, people, individuals

altogether

词性：副词

中文意思：总共，完全，总而言之

英文释义：in total; completely; all in all

词源：来自古英语的"altogether"，意为“完全地”

例句：Altogether, I spent about five hours on this project.

固定搭配：all together（一起）， altogether different（完全不同）

近义词：completely, entirely, totally

disciple

词性：名词

中文意思：门徒，信徒

英文释义：a follower or student of a teacher or leader

词源：来自拉丁语的"discipulus"，意为“学习者”

例句：Jesus had twelve disciples who followed him.

固定搭配：disciple of Buddha（佛教徒），disciple of Christ（基督教徒）

近义词：follower, pupil, apprentice

greedy

词性：形容词

中文意思：贪婪的，贪心的

英文释义：eager to have more than your fair share; selfish and unwilling to share with others

词源：来自古英语的"gryddan"，意为“渴望”

例句：The greedy boy ate all the cookies by himself.

固定搭配：greedy for power（渴望权力），greedy eyes（贪婪的眼神）

近义词：selfish, covetous, acquisitive

comprehension

词性：名词

中文意思：理解，理解力，理解程度

英文释义：the ability to understand something; an understanding of something

词源：来自拉丁语的"comprehensio"，意为“抓住，理解”

例句：His comprehension of the subject was excellent.

固定搭配：reading comprehension（阅读理解），comprehension questions（理解题）

近义词：understanding, perception, grasp

fundamental

词性：形容词

中文意思：基本的，根本的

英文释义：fundamental (adjective) relating to the most basic nature or principles of something

词源：来自拉丁语 fundamentum，意为“基础”或“根基”。

例句：The fundamental rules of grammar must be learned before you can write well.

固定搭配：fundamental change, fundamental principle, fundamental truth

近义词：basic, essential, underlying

humane

词性：形容词

中文意思：人道的，仁慈的

英文释义：humane (adjective) treating people and animals with kindness and respect

词源：来自拉丁语 humanitas，意为“人性”或“人文”。

例句：The prison system should aim to be more humane towards its inmates.

固定搭配：humane treatment, humane society, humane education

近义词：kind, compassionate, merciful

clarify

词性：动词

中文意思：澄清，阐明

英文释义：clarify (verb) to make something clearer or easier to understand

词源：来自拉丁语 clarificare，意为“使清晰”。

例句：Can you please clarify what you mean by that?

固定搭配：clarify a situation, clarify a statement, clarify a question

近义词：explain, elucidate, define

sizable

词性：形容词

中文意思：相当大的，可观的

英文释义：sizable (adjective) fairly large or important in size or amount

词源：来自古法语 esable，意为“可建立的”或“可确定的”。

例句：The company has a sizable share of the market.

固定搭配：sizable investment, sizable profit, sizable donation

近义词：considerable, significant, substantial

principle

词性：名词

中文意思：原则，原理

英文释义：principle (noun) a basic truth or theory on which something is based

词源：来自拉丁语 principium，意为“开始”或“起源”。

例句：It's my principle never to lie.

固定搭配：principle of fairness, principle of equality, moral principle

近义词：rule, law, doctrine

stability

词性：名词

中文意思：稳定性，稳固性

英文释义：the quality or state of being stable

词源：来自拉丁语的stabilitas，由stabilis（稳定的）和-itas（表示状态或品质的后缀）组成。

例句：The government is working hard to maintain economic stability.

固定搭配：economic stability（经济稳定），social stability（社会稳定）

近义词：steadiness, reliability, dependability

emperor

词性：名词

中文意思：皇帝，君主

英文释义：a ruler of an empire, especially one who has supreme power and authority

词源：来自拉丁语的imperator，由im-（在……之上）和pārēre（命令）组成。

例句：The emperor was worshipped as a god by his subjects.

固定搭配：emperor penguin（帝企鹅），emperor moth（帝王蛾）

近义词：monarch, sovereign, ruler

hire

词性：动词

中文意思：雇用，租用

英文释义：to employ someone for payment

词源：来自古英语的hǣran，意为“支付”。

例句：We hired a car for our vacation.

固定搭配：hire purchase（分期付款购买），hire out（出租，出借）

近义词：employ, engage, rent

worthy

词性：形容词

中文意思：值得的，配得上的

英文释义：deserving respect or admiration; deserving of consideration or attention

词源：来自古英语的wīhþ，意为“值得的”。

例句：She is a worthy winner of the prize.

固定搭配：worthy cause（正义的事业），worthy opponent（值得尊敬的对手）

近义词：deserving, meritorious, commendable

pillar

词性：名词

中文意思：柱子，支柱

英文释义：a vertical support for a structure or building, typically one made of stone or wood

词源：来自拉丁语的pillar，意为“柱子”。

例句：The pillars of the temple were carved with intricate designs.

固定搭配：pillar of society（社会的支柱），pillar of the community（社区的支柱）

近义词：column, post, support

pipe

词性：名词、动词

中文意思：管子，烟斗，管道，吹奏

英文释义：a tube used for conveying liquids or gases, a long wooden tube used for smoking

tobacco, to convey or direct (something) through a tube or channel, to make a sound by blowing

air into a tube

词源：来自古英语pipe，意为“管，管子”

例句：He smoked his pipe contentedly.（他满意地抽着烟斗。）

固定搭配：pipe down（安静下来），pipe up（突然开始说话）

近义词：tube, conduit, channel

trunk

词性：名词

中文意思：树干，行李箱，象鼻

英文释义：the main stem of a tree, a large strong box with a hinged lid, the trunk of an elephant

词源：来自古英语trunk，意为“树干，主干”

例句：The elephant picked up the peanuts with its trunk.（大象用鼻子捡起了花生。）

固定搭配：trunk road（主干道），trunk call（长途电话）

近义词：main stem, bole, axis

fist

词性：名词、动词

中文意思：拳头，掌握，打击

英文释义：a closed hand, to grasp or hold tightly, to hit someone with your hand

词源：来自古英语fist，意为“拳头”

例句：He clenched his fists in anger.（他愤怒地握紧了拳头。）

固定搭配：make a fist（握拳），clench one's fists（紧握拳头）

近义词：fistful, grip, punch

harmony

词性：名词

中文意思：和谐，协调，和声

英文释义：the state of being harmonious, agreement in opinion or action, a combination of

musical notes sounded together to produce a pleasing effect

词源：来自拉丁语harmonia，意为“和谐，协调”

例句：The colors in the room create a feeling of harmony.（房间里的颜色营造出一种和谐的感觉。）

固定搭配：live in harmony（和睦相处），work in harmony（和谐工作）

近义词：concord, agreement, accord

political

词性：形容词

中文意思：政治的，政党的，政治家的

英文释义：relating to politics, done by or involving politicians or parties in government,

concerned with the activities of governments and the people who control them

词源：来自希腊语politikos，意为“关于公民的，国家的”

例句：She is very interested in political issues.（她对政治问题非常感兴趣。）

civilian

词性：名词

中文意思：平民，百姓

英文释义：a person who is not a member of the armed forces or police force

词源：来自拉丁语civis（市民）

例句：The civilian population was caught in the crossfire between the two armies.

固定搭配：civilian life（平民生活），civilian casualties（平民伤亡）

近义词：commoner, non-combatant

mercy

词性：名词

中文意思：仁慈，怜悯

英文释义：the quality of being kind and gentle, especially towards people who are suffering

词源：来自古法语merci（感谢）和拉丁语merces（报酬）

例句：He showed mercy to his enemy by sparing his life.

固定搭配：show mercy（显示仁慈），ask for mercy（请求宽恕）

近义词：compassion, clemency

obedience

词性：名词

中文意思：服从，顺从

英文释义：the state of obeying rules, commands, or authority

词源：来自拉丁语obedientia（服从）

例句：The dog's obedience to its owner is admirable.

固定搭配：obedience to authority（服从权威），obedience training（服从训练）

近义词：submission, compliance

priority

词性：名词

中文意思：优先权，重点

英文释义：something that is more important than other things and needs to be dealt with first

词源：来自拉丁语prioritas（优先）

例句：The company has given top priority to improving customer satisfaction.

固定搭配：high priority（高度优先），priority list（优先事项列表）

近义词：preponderance, precedence

harmonious

词性：形容词

中文意思：和谐的，协调的

英文释义：having a pleasing combination of different sounds, colors, or ideas

词源：来自希腊语harmonikos（和谐的）和拉丁语harmonia（和谐）

例句：Their relationship was characterized by harmony and mutual respect.

固定搭配：harmonious society（和谐社会），harmonious atmosphere（和谐氛围）

近义词：concordant, agreeable

justify

词性：动词

中文意思：证明…是正当的，为…辩护

英文释义：to provide a good reason for sth or to show that it is right or acceptable

词源：来自拉丁语justificare，意为“使合法”

例句：He tried to justify his absence by saying he was ill.

固定搭配：justify oneself为自己辩护；justify an action证明行动的合理性

近义词：defend, vindicate, excuse

thrift

词性：名词

中文意思：节俭，节约

英文释义：the quality of being careful with money and avoiding waste

词源：来自古英语thrift，意为“节省，节约”

例句：She has always been known for her thrift.

固定搭配：thrift store旧货店；thrift shop二手店；practice thrift实行节俭

近义词：frugality, economy, sparingness

contemporary

词性：形容词/名词

中文意思：当代的，同时代的；同时代的人或事物

英文释义：of or belonging to the present time; existing or happening at the same time as

someone or something else

词源：来自拉丁语contemporaneus，意为“同时代的”

例句：The exhibition features works by contemporary artists.

固定搭配：contemporary art当代艺术；contemporary literature现代文学；contemporary music现代音乐

近义词：modern, current, up-to-date

abnormal

词性：形容词

中文意思：不正常的，反常的

英文释义：not normal; different from what is usual or expected

词源：来自拉丁语abnormalis，意为“不平常的”

例句：There was nothing abnormal about his behavior.

固定搭配：abnormal psychology变态心理学；abnormal condition异常情况；abnormal

phenomenon异常现象

近义词：aberrant, deviant, irregular

abstract

词性：形容词/名词

中文意思：抽象的，理论的（形容词）；摘要，概要（名词）

英文释义：(adjective) not based on practical experience of the real world; (noun) a shortened

version of a piece of writing or speech, giving the main points only

词源：来自拉丁语abstractus，意为“抽取出来的”

例句：His abstract ideas are difficult to understand.（形容词）I need you to write an abstract for

this paper.（名词）

Cease

词性：动词

中文意思：停止，终止

英文释义：to stop or bring to an end

词源：来自古法语的cesse，意为“停止”

例句：The government has decided to cease all military operations.

固定搭配：cease fire（停火），cease production（停产）

近义词：stop, terminate, discontinue

Cite

词性：动词

中文意思：引用，引证

英文释义：to mention as an example or authority

词源：来自拉丁语的citare，意为“召唤”

例句：The author cited several sources in his research paper.

固定搭配：cite a source（引用来源），cite examples（举例说明）

近义词：quote, refer, mention

Costume

词性：名词

中文意思：服装，戏装

英文释义：a set of clothes worn by actors in a play or movie

词源：来自拉丁语的costumus，意为“习俗，风俗”

例句：She wore a beautiful costume for the Halloween party.

固定搭配：costume design（服装设计），historical costume（历史服装）

近义词：dress, outfit, attire

Reform

词性：动词/名词

中文意思：改革，改良

英文释义：to make changes in order to improve something

词源：来自古英语的refran，意为“重新整理”

例句：The government is planning to reform the education system.

固定搭配：reform policy（改革政策），social reform（社会改革）

近义词：improve, amend, modify

Decent

词性：形容词

中文意思：体面的，得体的，像样的

英文释义：acceptable or appropriate; respectable

词源：来自拉丁语的decens，意为“适当的”

例句：He always dresses in a decent manner.

固定搭配：decent job（体面的工作），decent pay（合理的报酬）

近义词：respectable, proper, suitable

cast

词性：动词、名词

中文意思：投掷，抛；演员阵容

英文释义：to throw something, especially in a particular way; a group of actors who perform

together in a play or film

词源：来自古英语的cæstan，意为“扔”

例句：He cast the ball to me.（他把球扔给了我。）

固定搭配：cast a spell on sb/sth（对某人/某物施咒）；cast doubt on sth（对某事表示怀疑）

近义词：throw, hurl, fling

freedom

词性：名词

中文意思：自由，自主权

英文释义：the state of being free; the right to do what you want without being controlled by

others

词源：来自古英语的freodom，意为“许可，允许”

例句：We fought for freedom.（我们为自由而战。）

固定搭配：freedom of speech（言论自由）；freedom of assembly（集会自由）

近义词：liberty, autonomy, independence

contradictory

词性：形容词

中文意思：矛盾的，互相抵触的

英文释义：contradictory information or statements are opposed to each other and cannot both

be true at the same time

词源：来自拉丁语的contradictio，意为“反对，反驳”

例句：His actions were contradictory to his words.（他的行为与他的话相矛盾。）

固定搭配：a contradictory statement（自相矛盾的陈述）；contradictory evidence（相互矛盾的证据）

近义词：conflicting, opposing, clashing

precisely

词性：副词

中文意思：精确地，准确地

英文释义：exactly and completely; in a way that is accurate and exact

词源：来自拉丁语的precisus，意为“明确的，准确的”

例句：She told me precisely what had happened.（她准确地告诉我发生了什么。）

固定搭配：precisely speaking（准确地说）；precisely because（正是因为）；precisely how（确切地如何）

identical

词性：形容词

中文意思：相同的，一模一样的

英文释义：having the same form, nature, or appearance as another; exactly alike

词源：来自拉丁语identitas（相同），由idem（相同）和facere（做）组成。

例句：The twins look identical.

固定搭配：be identical to/with sth.与某物完全相同

近义词：alike, similar, matching

bark

词性：名词、动词

中文意思：树皮；狗叫

英文释义：the outer covering of a tree trunk or branch; the sound made by a dog

词源：来自古英语barc，意为树皮。

例句：The bark of this tree is very rough.

固定搭配：bark up the wrong tree误解，弄错目标

近义词：skin, howl

assumption

词性：名词

中文意思：假设，假定；担任，承担

英文释义：an idea or statement that is accepted as true without proof; taking on a responsibility

or job

词源：来自拉丁语assumptionem，意为拿起，承担。

例句：His assumption about the situation was wrong.

固定搭配：on the assumption that基于…的假设

近义词：supposition, presumption, undertaking

suspend

词性：动词

中文意思：暂停，中止；悬挂，吊起

英文释义：to officially stop something from happening for a period of time; to hang something

from above so that it does not touch the ground

词源：来自拉丁语suspendere，意为悬挂。

例句：The game was suspended due to bad weather.

固定搭配：suspend sb. from sth.暂停某人的职务或权利

近义词：halt, delay, hang

circumstance

词性：名词

中文意思：环境，情况；事件，详情

英文释义：a fact or condition that affects someone's life or an event that happens; the details of

something that has happened or will happen

词源：来自拉丁语circumstantia，意为环绕，周围的事物。

例句：Under no circumstances should you leave your post.

固定搭配：in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；in/of good/bad circumstances处于好/坏的情况中

近义词：condition, situation, event