高三英语词汇复习要点

2024年10月11日发(作者：)

高三英语词汇复习要点

SB3Unit 1 That must be a record

1. conclude 结束；断定

We concluded the meeting with a song.

I concluded that he was telling a lie.

[联想] conclude … from …从……中推断

What can we conclude from the passage?

[拓展] conclusion 结论；推论；结束

in conclusion = to conclude 最后；总之

In conclusion, he has done something worthwhile.

draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论

come to/ arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

It’s too early to draw such a conclusion for the moment.

2. send in递交，呈报；把……寄到某处进行处理

Listeners sent their suggestions in to the radio station.

Have you sent in your application yet?

[联想] send away 派遣，赶走，解雇

send back 送回；退还

send for 去别处接某人；使……来到

send out 发出，放出；送出（请帖）

send up 使上升，发射

send off寄发(信件)，发送(消息)；为……送行

send sb. word = send sb. a message

send sb. to do sth. 派遣某人去做某事

Would you send a repairman to fix up my TV set?

send sb./sth. doing sth. 使……成某状态

The noise send all the people feeling frightened.

One shot has sent the birds flying in all directions.

3. set down记下，写下；放下(东西)；让……下车

I have set down the key points of the meeting.

Set down your heavy bag and have a rest.

The bus sets the children down just outside the gate.

[联想] set out to do sth. 开始做某事

set down to doing sth. 着手做某事

set about doing sth.着手做某事

set back拨回(钟表)；推迟

set up建立；成立；安排

set aside = put aside = lay aside存放，留出

set off 动身，出发(= set out)；爆炸

set to work开始干活

set fire to / set … on fire 放火烧，点燃

set free 释放；使……获得自由

set foot in/on登上，访问

be set in以……为背景

set sail to/for 起航去……

set an example做出榜样

4. length长，长度

[联想] a length of 有……的长度

This tree can grow to a length of 20 meters.

at length最后，终于(at last)；详细地(in detail)

After traveling for a long time, he returned home at length.

at full/great length 伸展全身；非常详细地

The boy lay on the ground at full length.

We have already discussed this problem at great length.

go to any/great lengths to do sth. 全力以赴地做……

5. fade 凋谢，褪色，变暗

The sun has faded the curtains.

Flowers have faded in the garden.

Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of his

struggle against disease.

fade away (声音)逐渐消失，(颜色)变暗，(人)衰老

In the last weeks of his life, he simply faded away.

The sound of the train faded away in the distance.

6. account 叙述，账目，账户

Please give a brief account of what has happened.

The accounts show that they have spent more than they

received.

My salary is paid directly into my bank account.

[联想] on account of = because of 由于，因为

on no account绝无理由（位于句首时主谓须倒装）

take … into account = take account of ...考虑

account for = explain 说明……的理由

How can you account for the accident?

7. attempt n. 努力，尝试，企图vt. 企图，试图

[拓展] attempted 未遂的

[联想] make an attempt to do sth. 企图做

attempt to do (doing) sth. 企图做某事

They made an attempt to get close to the tiger.

He attempted to climb the mountain.

They attempted walking across the river.

[比较] attempt和try表示“企图做、努力做”，但不一定成功；

manage和succeed in 才表示“成功地做

到”。

8．suitable 适当的，相配的

We are hoping to find a suitable school (job).

[联想] be suitable for(to) …适合于某人(物)

The weather is quite suitable for a picnic.

The house is not suitable for (to) a large family.

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be suitable to do sth. 适合于做某事

Mary is suited to play this part.

The dress is suitable to wear at a party.

be suited for/to 适合于某人(物)

Everybody says she is not suited for (to) teaching.

[比较] be fit for适合于；胜任……

This director is quite fit for his office.

for申请，请求

He applied for a job last week.

[联想] apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物

apply to适用于(不用于进行时态)

This rule doesn’t apply to children.

apply … to …将……应用于……

We applied our minds to finding a solution to the problem.

apply oneself to 专心致志于

Apply yourself to your study. (你得专心读书)

10. bid 出价，投标

[拓展] bid for sth.竞标

Several companies are bidding for the contract to build the

bridge.

make a bid for 投标，试图得到

They are making a bid for this project.

11. fascinate 迷住，使……着迷(不用于进行时)

What fascinates me is his accent. Where is he from?

[联想] fascinated 被迷住的(不能作前置定语)

be fascinated/struck by 被……迷住

The visitors were fascinated (struck) by the beauty of the

valley.

fascinating迷人的，有极大吸引力的

I found that fairy tale very fascinating.

12. burst into sth. = burst out doing sth. 突然发出……

burst into tears / burst out crying

burst into laughter / burst out laughing

burst into cheers / burst out cheering

13. familiar 熟悉的；常见的

(sb.) be familiar with sth. (某人)熟悉某事物

(sth.) be familiar to sb. (某事物)为某人所熟悉

I’m not familiar with European history.

These facts are familiar to everybody.

14. center on (upon) = focus on以…为中心或重点

[比较] concentrate on(upon) …专心致志于

His research is centered on social problems.

With so much noise, I couldn’t concentrate on my study

[联想] be absorbed in专心于……

apply oneself to专心致志于

fix one’s eyes/attention on/upon 全神贯注于

pay all one’s attention to 高度注意

devote oneself to 致力于，献身于

bury oneself in专心于；埋头于

lose oneself in 全心全意，专心致志于

15. delight vt. & vi. 给予乐趣；使人高兴

[联想] delight sb. with sth.

She delighted us all with her charming smile.

delight in热衷于；引以为乐

She delights in cooking lovely meals.

[拓展] delighted愉快的；非常高兴的

I was delighted to be invited to her party.

be delighted to do sth. 乐于做某事

be delighted at/by 因……而高兴

[拓展] n. 乐趣；喜悦；欣喜

Movies give delight to millions of people.

to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是

take delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐

16. cautious adj. 谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的

He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.

They are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling

than ever before.

[比较] cautious 指“小心，谨慎”地从事以防备可能出现的危险，

含有“提防”之意，如：

He was cautious about his work. 他对工作很谨慎。

careful 属一般用语, 指对工作、责任等非常“仔细、周密的”，

以免粗心大意而出错，如：

Be careful not to fall. 注意不要滑倒。

17. keep track of 跟踪；记录；与……保持联系

He could not escape because the police were keeping track

of him.

[比较] lose track of与……失去联系

Make sure not to lose track of what you are doing. (别忘了自

己在干什么)

[联想] keep/stay in touch with与……保持联系

get in touch with 与……取得联系；接触

lose touch with与……失去联系

be out of touch with与……失去联系

18. stand out 突出，显眼，出色

She is the sort of the person who stands out in a crowd.

[联想] stand for 代表；

stand by旁观；

stand up站立；

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stand against反对；

stand up for支持，坚持；

stand up to勇敢面对，经受住；

stand behind支持；

stand back后退；向后靠

stand empty/idle空着；闲置着；没使用

stand on one’s own feet依靠自己

stand (doing) sth. 容忍(做)某事

19. impressive as the record is, …

as可引导倒装的让步状语从句，意为“尽管”、“虽然”、“即

使”等，相当于though，如：

Y oung as (though) I am, I already know what to learn. =

Though (Although) I am young, …

但although不能用于倒装句。

Much as I like English(Although I like English very much), I

can’t learn it well.

Try as he would/might (Although he tried), he could not lift

the rock. 他虽然尽力，仍然搬不动那块石头。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. (Though he is a child, ...) 注意：

作表语的名词前不能加冠词，又如：

Student as Alice is, she works in her spare time.

20. next to 紧挨着；仅次于，在……之后；几乎

The church is on the left, next to the school.

Next to skiing, she likes hiking. 她最喜欢滑雪，其次就是徒步旅

行

[联想] next to impossible几乎不可能

next to nothing几乎没有

21. make for 有利于，促使；向……走去(= head for)

Quarrelling doesn’t make for a solution.

As it started to rain, we made for home together.

[联想] make out理解，辨认出；

make up 弥补；组成；虚构；化装；打扮；

make it 约定时间；成功做到；

make sense 有意义，讲得通

make progress 取得进步

22. see 目睹……，经历……

动词see可以地点、时间作主语，表示“(某时或某地) 目睹、经

历某事”，此时不用进行时态，如：This year saw a big increase in

road accidents.

Our city has seen great changes in the past decade.

July 13, 2001 saw a very bright night in Beijing that will never

fade from memory.

Dust saw the little boy wandering in the street.

23. 课文中的其它短语：

settle an argument about …解决关于……的争端

hire sb. to do sth. = employ sb. to do sth.

with an area of 有……的面积

set a (new) record 创一项(新)记录

achieve one’s goal 实现某人的目标

in a row 一个接一个地，连续不断地

lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

in the first place 首先；第一

confirm a record 确认一项记录

give sb. permission 许可某人……

be willing to do sth. 乐意做……

extreme sports 极限运动

be different from 与……不一样

get ready for 为……做好准备

SB3Unit 2 Crossing limits

1. various adj. 各种各样的，不同种类的

There are various things in the shop to choose from.

He gave various reasons for his being late.

[联想] a variety of, varieties of 多种多样的

He didn’t come for a variety of reasons.

She made the children glad in a variety of ways.

[拓展] vary v. 改变，使不同

The temperature here varies during the day.

[比较] various强调种类的多样性，而different指的是本质上的

不同或差异，试比较：

There exist various views about it. (各种各样的观点)

There exist different views about it. (不一样的观点)

2. in the name of 以……的名义；代表

We booked two tickets in the name of Brown.

The car is registered in my name.

[联想] name after 根据……命名

John was named after his uncle.

under the name of 以……为名字

He attended the party under the name of his father.

by the name of名叫

3. key adj. 极重要的；关键性的；主要的

He is the key figure in this programme.

Did you catch the key points of his speech?

[拓展] n.钥匙；答案；关键

the key to ………的钥匙、答案；做……的关键

He has lost the key to his car.

The key to solving this problem is quite clear.

4. origin n. 起源；起点；出身

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These problems had their origins in post-war years.

He is of noble origin. 他出身高贵。

[拓展] original adj. 最早的；原始的；原作品的；新奇的；崭新的；

有独创见解的；有独创性的

Who was the original owner of this house?

Some are the original paintings, others are copies.

an original invention 新的发明

a person with an original 一个有创意的人

originally adv. 最初；原先

The novel originally came from a true love story.

5. equip配备；装备；使做好准备

The traveller was well equipped.

The seamen equipped a ship for a voyage.

[联想] equip sb. with sth.用……装备某人

They will equip their office with computers.

be equipped with sth. 配备有……

The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.

be equipped to do sth. 准备好做某事

We were not yet equipped to deal with the problem

be equipped for准备好；对……有准备

He equipped himself for a long journey.

[比较] arm sb. with sth. 武装某人，(使)具备

I’ve armed myself with all the fact to prove my point.

be armed with 具备，拥有……

Armed with everything he needed, he set out at once.

[拓展] equipment 必需品；设备；装备

office equipment 办公室设备

Our school has been given some new equipment.

6. puzzle n. 难题；谜；vt. 使困惑；使糊涂

It is a real puzzle for the scientists.

be in a puzzle 不知如何是好

He is in a puzzle about the matter.

[拓展] puzzling 令人迷惑的；

The question is puzzling to me (puzzles me).

puzzled (某人)感到迷惑的

Everybody is puzzled (by the question).

7. wander漫游；游荡；流浪

The children wandered in the woods.

I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of

a tailor’s shop.

His mind is wandering. 他心不在焉。

[比较] wonder想知道；感到奇怪

His family wandered to the southwest.

[联想] wander about/around 漫游，徘徊

Since then he began to wander about (over) the world.

[比较] knock about/around 漫游；碰撞

8. existence 存在，生存

I wonder at the existence of God.

[联想] in existence 实际存在的；现存的；现有的

The elephant is the largest land animal in existence.

come into existence (being) 形成；产生

The built rows of houses along the river, thus a new village

came into existence (being).

bring … into existence (being)创造；使产生

[拓展] exist 存在；生存；生活；继续存在

One cannot exist without air. 人没有空气就不能生存。

There exist a lot of problems in our society.

The Roman Empire existed for several centuries.

[联想] exist in存在于……中

Salt exists mostly in sea water.

exist on 靠……生活(生存)

The old lady exists only on coffee and bread.

9. accurate adj. 准确的；精确的

He has given an accurate answer.

Is this watch accurate?

[辨异] accurate表示“准确的，精确的”；correct为一般用语，

指“正确的，没有错误的”；exact 表示“确切的，与事实完全相符

的”，如：

She gave an accurate account of the accident.

He gave correct answers to the questions.

His answer is quite exact/correct.

10. command n. 命令；指挥；控制

[联想] give a command 下命令

under the command of 由……指挥

in command of 指挥着；控制着

at/by sb.’s command 听从某人的命令

I am at your command. 我听您的吩咐。

have a good command of运用自如；随意支配

He has a good command of French. 他精通法语。

[拓展] v. 命令；指挥；控制

command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

He commanded me to set off at once.

command (that) sb. (should) do sth.

He commanded that I (should) set off at once.

11. set sail to/ for 起航去某地

We are setting sail for the south tomorrow.

[比较] set sail from 从……启航

They set sail from Wuhan to Shanghai.

[联想] set foot in/on 登上，访问

set fire to / set … on fire 放火烧，点燃

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set free 释放；使……获得自由

set a record创记录

set an example for为……树立榜样

12. in return 作为回报

In return he helped me with my English.

in return for 作为对……的回报

He praised you in return for your excellent work.

[比较] in turn 依次地，轮流地；因此，因而

You can use the computer in turn.

[拓展] return vt. 归还；返回；回报；

We have returned the books to the library.

Three years later, he returned home.

return adj. 回程的；往返的

I would like a return ticket. 我想要一张往返票。

13. bring up 培养；提出；呕吐

She was brought up by her grandparents.

How dare you bring up such a question?

He brought up all the food he had eaten.

[联想] bring in 引进；获利；

bring out 出版；

bring about 引起；产生；

bring down 使降低；减少；

bring forward 提出；提前；

bring back to life 使复活；

bring to an end 结束；了结

14. suggest 建议；暗示

(1). 后接名词、代词或-ing形式作宾语：

She suggested a visit to the factory.

She suggested (our) visiting the factory.

(2). 表示“建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气：

She suggested that we (should) visit the factory.

Her suggestion is that we (should) visit the factory.

It is suggested that we (should) visit the factory.

(3). 作“暗示、表明”讲：

His expression suggested that he was angry.

15．accomplish 完成；实现；达到

Some people will never accomplish anything.

Have you accomplished your task?

[辨异] accomplish通常接task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词，

指成功地完成预期目标；如：

This task is accomplished by great effort.

complete指完成建筑、工程、书籍等，表示“补足缺少的部分”，

如：

This project will be completed next month.

finish侧重指完成日常事务，有时可与complete换用。

Have you finished your homework?

achieve指完成大事，取得显著成绩，如：

They are determined to achieve their goal.

16. apart from 除……都；除……外（还有）

(1). = except (for)

It is a good article apart from some spelling mistakes.

I do not know any French, apart from a few words.

(2). = as well as; besides; in addition to

Apart from me, there were 10 people at the meeting.

He broke his leg, apart from the injuries on his face.

[联想] tear apart 撕开；拆散；

pull … apart 把……拉开

apart 把……拆开；

tell ... apart 区分；分辨(两种事物)

fall apart土崩瓦解

17．refer to 论及；说到；提及；参考

Are you referring to me? 你指的是我吗？

His name was referred to many times in the report.

If you have any questions, refer to the guidebook.

另外，refer … to表示“让某人参考；叫某人去；归功于；交付”

等，如：

For more details, I refer you to the papers I handed to you.

详情请参考我交给你的文件。

The shop referred the complaint to the factory. 商店把投诉转

交给工厂。

He referred his success to the good education he had had.

他把成功归功于他以前所受的良好教育。

18. run out 用光；耗尽

run out相当于give out，是个不及物动词，主语通常是物，如：

Our food (strength, patience) has run out.

[比较]run out of sth. 相当于use up sth.，可接宾语或用于被动

语态，如：

The car ran out of its gas during the half way.

He has run out of his money.

[联想]run about游荡；

run at 突然袭击；

run across穿过，碰见；

run after追赶，伺候；

run away逃走，流掉；

run against邂逅，违反；

run into撞上，跑进；

19. arise 起来；上升；出现

If any problem should arise, please let me know.

How did the smoke arise?

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[比较] arise from 由……引起

[辨异]arise多指抽象的“出现、上升”，因而其主语多为

difficulty, problem, loss等抽象名词或smoke, wind 等无形物；而

rise多指具体的事物。

We can see heavy fog rising from the sea.

注意区别：

arise ----arose ----arisen vi. 出现；发生

arouse ---- aroused ---- aroused vt. 唤醒；唤起

20. evidence n. 证据；根据；证词；明显；显著

There is no material evidence. 没有物证。

A smile gives evidence of her satisfaction.

[联想] show/give evidence for 证明；说明；表明

Can you show me any evidence for your innocence?

in evidence明显的，显而易见的

[拓展] evident adj. 明显的, 显然的

It’s evident that you are tired. 显然你累了。

He looked at his children with evident pride.

21. praise n. & v. 称赞；赞美

He won praises for his modesty.

What you did is worth praising.

[联想] in praise of 赞美；表扬

praise sb. for sth. 因……表扬某人

sing high praise for 高度赞扬

They sang high praise for our development.

[比较] speak highly/well of高度评价；赞扬

22. find one’s way 设法到达

At last we found our way out of the forest.

Then he found his way to the seashore.

[联想]feel one’s way 摸索着走；

lose one’s way 迷路；

push one’s way 挤出一条路；

make one’s way 行走；前进；

fight one’s way 打拼出一条路

23. adjust to调节；适应(=adapt to)

Most people can’t adjust to the dark.

adjust oneself to = adapt oneself to 适应

It took her a long time to adjust (herself) to living in the city.

We are unable to adjust ourselves to new environment.

24. be up against 面临，遭遇

They had no idea what they were up against.

[联想] be up to从事，忙于；由……决定；直到……

What are you up to now?

It’s up to you to decide whether we go or not.

He hasn’t been to the seashore up to the present day.

He is not up to the job. ( = fit for)

25. make it

(1). 及时到达某地或赶上车船：

We can’t make it to the airport without a taxi.

They have made it to the top of the mountain.

(2). 约定时间或日期：

----Shall we meet next Sunday?

----Let’s make it this Sunday.

(3). 成功做到……，达到预期目的：

After years of hard work on the project, they finally made it.

She never made it as an actor.

[联想] put it (to sb.) that向某人表明……；表达……

I have put it to you that you are the only one I believe in.

Let me put it in another way. 我换个方式来说吧。

see to it that 注意；留神；负责

Please see to it that everything is ready.

26. on one’s return 某人一回来就……

On my return from work, I saw the door was open.

on表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as, 如：

On their arrival, the meeting began.

On hearing the news, they jumped with joy.

[拓展] on还可意为working for; belong to等，如：He is on

CCTV. 他在中央电视台工作。

My sister used to be on China Daily.

[归纳] “一……就……”之意的表达法还有：

no sooner had … than …

hardly/barely/scarcely had … when …

the moment/minute/second/instant +从句

immediately/instantly/directly +从句

27. 课文中的其它短语：

reach out (for) 伸出(手去拿)

inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事

search for sea routs 寻找海上通道

It is well known that …众所周知

have contacts with sb. 与某人有接触(联系)

be taken prisoner 沦为囚犯

reach the height of one’s power 达到势力的顶峰

renew relations with sb. 恢复与某人的关系

by trading with 通过与……贸易

a large sum of money 一大笔钱

in the possession of 为……所拥有

have no choice of surviving 没有生存的可能

send a message to sb. = send sb. a message 发送信息

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act as guide 担任导游

SB3Unit 3 The land down under

1. claim vt. & n. 要求；索赔；声称

She claims the ownership of the land. (要求)

She claims that she is related to the Queen. (声称)

[联想] claim to be 自称为……

It was claimed that 据称，据说……

make a claim for要求得到，索赔

They made a claim for higher pay. 他们要求提高薪水。

2. as a consequence of 因为，由于……的结果

As a consequence of your good work, our boss sang high

praise for you.

[联想] in consequence of由于……的结果

as a result of 因为，由于……的结果

because of 因为，由于……

owing to 由于……，归功于……

due to由于……，因为……

for the sake of 由于……的缘故

on account of 因为，由于……

but for 要不是因为

thanks to 多亏……，由于……

[拓展] as a consequence

= in consequence = as a result结果，因此

As a consequence, we have to water the vegetable garden.

3. resemble vt. 像；类似(不用于进行时或被动语态)

Mike closely resembles his father. (= looked like)

She resembled her sister in appearance but not in character.

[比较] be similar to 与……相似

Y our experience is similar to his.

be similar in 在……方面相似

[辨异] resemble是状态性动词，通常不用于进行时态，也不能用

于被动语态；

alike是表语形容词，且不能用very来修饰，如：

These two photographs are almost alike.

like表示“象…一样”是介词，不可单独作谓语，如：The new

table is like the old one in colour and shape.

4. transform 转变，改变

Success and wealth transformed his character. 成功和财富改

变了他的性格。

It was an event that could transform my life.

[联想] transform … into …把……转变为……

Water can transform a desert into a garden.

A steam engine transforms heat into power.

transform … from …从……中转变

5. strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使强壮(反意词：weaken)

Hardship only strengthens her determination.

The fence was strengthened with wire.

strengthen national force 巩固国防

strengthen unity 加强团结

[拓展] strength n. 力，力量；强度

I haven’t the strength to lift this table.

By doing exercise we can build up our strength.

strengths表示“优点；优势；长处”等，与weakness 相对，如：

Keeping calm is one of her many strengths.

6. differ vi. 不同，相异

My brother and I differ in many ways.

Customs differ in different countries.

[联想] differ from = be different from

Humans differ from other animals in many ways.

differ with sb. = disagree with sb. 意见不一致

I’m sorry to differ with (from) you on that.

differ in sth. = be different in sth. 在……方面有区别Chinese

and Japanese differ greatly in pronunciation.

[拓展] different adj. difference n.

7. break out 突然发生，爆发

The war broke out ten years ago.

[联想] break away from (脱离)；

break down (分解；破裂；身体垮；机器坏)；

break in (闯入，插嘴)；

break into (非法进入)；

break through (冲破，突围)；

break up (分解，打破，驱散)

break off 突然停止；绝交

8. feed … on (with) 用……喂养

They feed their horses on grass

[联想] feed sth. to sb. 给……喂东西吃

Y ou’d better feed this old bread to the ducks.

(animals) feed on; (people) live on 以…为主食

People in the south mainly live on rice.

be fed up with/about/that对……厌烦/不满

I’m rather fed up with your complaints.

The management is pretty fed up with/about the union’s

lack of co-operation.

She’ll be a bit fed up that you didn’t telephone her.

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9. round up = gather 把(牛羊)赶拢；使聚集在一起

The teacher rounded up the children.

Having rounded up the sheep, the boy went home.

[联想] round the clock一直；不停地

all the year round 全年；一年到头

11. be made up of = consist of 由……组成

The medical team is made up of two doctors and five nurses.

make up 的各种含义：

(1) 组成，构成：

Seven students make up a tourist group.

(2) 虚构(故事，借口)，捏造，编辑：

make up a dialogue; make up a story

(3) 化妆：

She never goes out without making up her face.

(4) 弥补：They have made up (for) the loss.

(5) 和解：We shook hands and made up.

[联想] make out理解，辨认出，勉强看出

I can just make out the writing.

make for有利于，促使；向……走去

make it 约定时间；成功做到

12. have sth. done

(1).“让别人做某事”，即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成，而

宾语是动作的承受者或动作对象：I’ll have a new suit made of this

cloth.

(2).“（无意识地）让某人（或某物）遭受不幸”：

He had his handbag stolen.

Peter had his leg broken while playing football.

The natives had their land taken away from them.

[联想] have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth.)意为“使（让、请）

某人做某事”，其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。如：

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.

have sb.／sth. doing sth.意为“让某人（物）一直做某事、听

任……”，其中作宾补的-ing形式表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如：

The two cheats had their lights burning all night long.

Although the farm is large，my dad has only two men

working for him.

13. have an influence on (upon) 对……有影响

The teacher has a great influence on his pupils.

Environment has a great influence on character.

under the influence of 在……的影响下

[比较] have an effect on 对……有影响或作用

The medicine has no effect on/upon him.

[拓展] influence v. 影响；作用；对……有影响

influence sb. to do sth. 影响(使)某人去做某事

My teacher influenced me to study science. (学理科)

14. …which has more than 14 times as many people.

英语中的倍数表示法：

(a). “倍数+ as + 原级+ as”

This railway is twice as long as that one.

(b). “倍数+ 比较级+ than”

This book costs five times more than that one. (c). “倍数+

the + size (height, length, depth …) + of ...”

Our playground is twice the size of theirs.

(d). “倍数+ as + many (much) + 名词+ as …”

I have ten times as many books as you.

Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per

person today as they did in 1910.

(e). “倍数+ what从句”

The population now is three times what it was ten years ago.

15. keep out (of) 不进入，不让……入内

Do keep out of the rain without an umbrella.

Keep the dog out of the house, please.

Shut the door to keep the cold out.

[联想] keep on继续进行

keep down镇压

keep … away from, keep off sb. / sth. 不靠近

Keep their fighting away from you.

Keep off the grass!

keep up保持，使不倒下

keep back阻挡

keep at 坚持，继续做

keep from忍住，阻止

keep up with赶上，跟上

keep in touch with保持联系

keep to 坚持，遵守

16. 课文中的其它短语：

the land down under 南方之国

be surrounded by/with 被围绕着……

stand for 代表

in a similar way to 以类似的方式

in the same way as 用相同的方法

make it impossible for sb. to do sth. 使某人不可能做…

be harmful to 对……有害

a diverse society 多元(文化)的社会

benefit from 从……中受益

get away from 脱离；摆脱

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be separated from 与……分离

give birth to 出生；产生；诞生

be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事

SB3Unit 4 Green world

1. promote 提升、晋级；促进、促销

在表示“提升、晋级”时，常用被动语态，如：

She worked hard and was soon promoted.

His assistant has been promoted over his head. 他的助手晋升

超过了他的职位。

The company is trying to promote a new product.

The government is working to promote friendship between

the two nations.

[拓展]promotion n.提升；晋级；促进

Our teacher has got a promotion. 我们的老师晋级了。

2. appetite n. 食欲；胃口；欲望；爱好

He has a good appetite. 他胃口很好。

[联想] to sb.’s appetite合某人的口味(心意)

have an appetite for渴望做……，喜欢

She has an appetite for learning. 她有求知欲。

I have a good appetite for classical music.

3. appoint 任命，约定（时间、地点等）

He was appointed mayor of the city.

[联想] appoint sb. to be/as …任命某人为……

The government has appointed you as (to be) director of the

department.

[拓展] appointment n. 任命；职位；约会；约定

make/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会

I have made an appointment with the doctor.

keep (break) an appointment守（失）约

He broke the appointment to attend the party.

4. calculate计算，推算

calculate on (doing) sth.指望或依靠某事物

We can’t calculate on (having) good weather for a picnic.

be calculated to do sth. 打算、旨在做……

The story is calculated to attract the attention of children.

It is calculated that …据计算……

It is calculated that we’ll reach London at about 3 pm.

5. expense 花费，代价；expenses开支，支出

What are the expenses of moving house?

[联想] at great expense = at a high cost 花费很多

at no expense = at no cost分文不花

He often goes to the markets at no expense.

at sb.’s expense由某人付钱

This meal is at your expense.

at the expense (cost) of sth.以……为代价

6. look out for 警惕，留心

Always look out for the danger around you.

He is looking out for a nice apartment downtown.

[比较] watch out for 警惕，留心

keep an eye out for sth. 注意，留心，提高警惕

[联想]look down 向下看；低头

look down on/upon 轻视，看不起

look up 向上看；抬头；查阅（资料）

look up to 尊重，重视

look sb. up and down 上下打量某人

look forward to 期待，盼望

look on sb. as 把某人视为

look into往里看；调查

look on旁观

look after 照顾；照料

look through浏览；仔细检查

look about/around 环顾四周

look back on回顾

look over瞭望；越过……看；检查

look as if 看起来；似乎

look like 看起来像

7. involve 包括；牵涉；使参与

Don’t involve other people in your trouble.

There was a serious accident involving many people.

[联想] be/get involved in 卷入；涉及到；忙于……

How many people were involved in the matter?

He is involved in writing a novel.

8. abandon 离开；遗弃

They abandoned the stolen car on the roadside.

He had to abandon the job because of illness.

[联想] abandon oneself to 沉迷于……；陷入……

He abandoned himself in computer games.

[比较] addict oneself to

Never addict yourself to smoking and drinking.

9. pass away 去世，逝世

[联想]pass by 经过；从旁边走过

pass on传递；

pass … on to 把……传给……

pass through 经历；穿过

pass out 失去知觉

pass down 把……往下传

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10. reward 报答；报酬；v. 给某人奖赏

He worked hard without any hope of reward.

[区别] reward 指应得的报酬；award指有关部门颁发的荣誉奖；

作动词时reward意为“奖赏某人”，reward sb. for (doing) sth.

“因为某事而奖赏某人”。award则表示“给某人颁奖”，award sth.

to sb. 或者award sb. sth.；而prize意为通过比赛、竞赛等活动所赢

得的各种奖品、奖金。

11. name … after 以……而命名

John was named after his uncle.

This school was named after the hero.

[联想]in the name of 以……的名义；代表

We booked two tickets in the name of Brown.

The car is registered in my name.

under the name of 以……为名字

He attended the party under the name of his father.

by the name of名叫

12．nowhere 任何地方都不，无处

Nowhere else in the world can we find such a quiet and

beautiful place.

[联想] be nowhere 一事无成

get nowhere 无法到达，不可能成功

Although they tried very hard, they have been nowhere so

far in anything.

13．altogether adv.

(1). 总而言之= on the whole

Altogether our achievements are very great.

(2). 完全地= completely

The visitors felt not altogether satisfied.

(3). 总共= in all; including everything

Altogether there were 18 people in the bus.

[比较] all together (所有的……)一起

14．latter adj.(两者中) 后者的

Of swimming and football he preferred the latter.

the latter 后者

[比较] the former前者

[区别] ate adj. 迟的，晚的；adv. 迟，晚

later adj. 后期的，晚年的；adv. 后来(= later on)

latest adj. 最新的；at the latest最迟……

lately adv. = recently

15. distinguish 区别，辨别

Can you distinguish different sounds?

I can distinguish them at a distance.

[联想] be distinguished for 以……而著名

She was distinguished for her diligence.

distinguish between A and B区别A和B

= distinguish A from B

Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.

distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非

distinguish oneself 表现突出

The young officer distinguished himself many times in battle.

[拓展] distinguishing 有区别的

distinguished 著名的；卓越的；突出的

16．in detail 详细地

Tell me what has happened in detail.

He explained to us the theory in detail.

[联想] at length 详细地；最后

[比较] in brief, in short 简明扼要地；简言之

[拓展]detailed 详细的，详尽的

He gave us a detailed account. 他做了详细的叙述。

17. at first sight 乍看起来；初次见面

The fell in love with each other at first sight.

[联想] at (the) sight of一看到……

She was terrified at the sight of a snake.

in/out of sight在视线内/外，看得(不)见

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见心不烦。

catch sight of突然看到、注意到

I caught sight of an empty seat at the back of the bus.

come into sight出现

lose sight of看不见；失去信息；

18. be behind

(1). 在……之后；迟(=later than)

The plane was behind time. 飞机晚点了。

(2). 支持；赞成(=support, be for)

Whatever she decides to do, her family is always behind her.

(3). 导致；引起(=cause, lead to)

What’s behind your happy smile?

Days of heavy rain was behind the flood, which made

thousands of people homeless.

[联想] look behind 向后看；

fall behind落后；掉队；

drop behind落后；掉队；

get behind落后；掉队；

leave behind忘带；留下；

stand behind支持；做后盾；

19. the key to (doing) sth. 做某事的关键

He has found the key to explaining differences between

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species.

该结构中的to为介词，后接名词或-ing形式，是固定搭配，类似

的结构还有：the answer to a question; the entrance to a cave; the

key to a lock等。

20．be of equal importance 同等重要

“be of + 抽象名词”相当于“be + 相应的形容词”：be of

great value = be very valuable

be of much use = be quite useful

21. in terms of 在……方面；就……而言

In terms of English study, he has much experience.

[联想] in the long (short) term长（短）期

keep on good terms with sb.保持友好关系

come to terms with sth.对……妥协；甘心忍受

22. 课文中的其它短语：

classify sth. into 把某物分类成……

be based on 基于；建立在……之上

lead a cosy life 过着舒适的生活

on a large scale 大规模地

experiment with 实验

lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

be related to 与……有关

conduct an experiment 做实验

bring sth. back in view 重新认识

adapt to 适应……

year after year 年复一年，年年

SB3Unit 5 Getting the message

1. consideration 考虑；体贴

We will give your proposal consideration.

[联想] under consideration 在考虑(讨论) 中

take … into consideration (account)考虑某事物

In order to complete this project, we should take into

consideration various difficulty.

in consideration of sth. 考虑到；作为……的回报

of no consideration 无关紧要的，不重要的

have/show consideration for sb. 对……关心

It is obvious that our bus company has no consideration for

their passengers.

leave sth. out of consideration (account) 忽略某事，不予理睬

[拓展] considering prep.& conj. 考虑到；就……而言

Considering his health, we didn’t send him to the front.

2. charge n. 费用；主管；充电；控告；

[联想] in charge of 管理，负责……

in the charge of在……管理下；由……负责

That doctor is in charge of this patient. = This patient is in

the charge of that doctor.

[比较] in charge 主管；负责(常用作后置定语)

The doctor in charge came in.

take charge (of) 负责；主管

[拓展] v. 收费；充电；控诉；冲锋；

Your cellphone needs to get charged.

Our soldiers charged at the enemy. (冲锋)

charge sb. for sth. 因……向某人收费

How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?

charge sb. with sth.指控某人犯……罪

The police charged him with carelessness.

[比较] accuse sb. of sth.

3．loss 损失；遗失

at a loss 困惑；不知所措；亏本地

I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些话。

He is at a loss what to do next. 下一步他不知所措。

We sold the machine at a loss. 我们亏本出售机器。

4. blame n. 过失；责备；vt. 责备；谴责；归咎于

[联想] blame sb. for sth. 因某事责怪某人

We blamed him for the accident.

blame sth. on sb.把……归咎于某人

We blamed the accident on him.

be to blame for sth.对……负责任，该受责备(不能用被动语态)

He was to blame for the accident.

take the blame for sth. 承担……的责任

He took the blame for this accident.

5. react 起反应, 起作用；反抗；起化学反应

[联想]react to sb. / sth. 对…做出反应、回应

Local people have reacted angrily to the news.

Many people can react badly to this kind of food.

react against sb. / sth. 反对；对抗某人（某事）

react with sth. 与…起化学反应

react on sth. = have an effect on sth. 对…有影响

[拓展] reaction n. 反应

reaction to sth.对……的反应

What is his reaction to your proposal?

6. annoy使苦恼；使心烦；

be annoyed with sb. for (at) sth.因……而生气

He annoyed me with such a question.

The girl was annoyed with him for his being late.

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[拓展] annoying 令人烦恼的

What an annoying joke!

[比较]upset，trouble，disturb, bore, disgust等都有“使难过

不安；打扰”的意思。

[联想] get/be tired of 对……感到厌倦

be bored with对……感到厌倦

be sick of 对……感到厌倦、恶心

be fed up with对……感到厌倦

be disgusted with对……感到厌烦

be upset about 对……感到厌烦

7. accuse控告；谴责；非难

[联想] accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯有……错（罪）He was

accused of breaking his promise.

[比较] charge sb. with sth.

[拓展] the accused 被指控的人，被告

Does the accused have anything more to say?

8. associate vt. 使联系, 使联合；vi. 交往, 结交

[联想] associate … with …把……和……联系起来[比较] connect …

with …

I associate the sea with my summer holiday. = The sea

reminds me of my summer holiday.

associate with sb. 交往(= spend time with sb. )

I prefer to associate with my friends after school.

associate oneself with 支持；同意

I can hardly associate myself with what he said.

[拓展] association n. 联合；协会；交往

9. get across (使)越过；传播；被理解 (不用被动语态)

We got across the river with much difficulty.

He is not good at getting his ideas across. (表达思想)

Your meaning didn’t really get across.

[联想] get through干完，通过；接通(电话)

get over恢复，克服；

get down拿下，下来；

get down to着手，开始；

get into陷入

get along/on with进展，相处；

get in进入；陷入；收割(庄稼)；插话

get back 回来；取回；要回

get behind落后

get away from离开；摆脱；逃离

get into the habit of 染上……的习惯

get together集会、欢聚

get round/around/about 传开，传播；四处走动

get out of从……出来；

get hold of抓住；

get rid of 除掉，摆脱；

get the message 理解；明白

get up 起床；站起来

10. appeal to 呼吁；上诉；有吸引力

Does this movie appeal to many people?

She decided to appeal to a higher court.

appeal to sb. for sth. (to do sth.) 请求某人做某事

make an appeal for sth. (to do sth.) 呼吁做某事

The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.

appeal for sth. 呼吁某事，请求给予

They are appealing for more time to do the job.

[比较] apply for 申请得到某物，请求给予某物

apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物

[拓展] appealing adj. = attractive吸引人的

11. figure n. 数字；画像；人物(形象)；身材，相貌

He is good at figures. 他擅长算术。

a famous historical figure 一位著名的历史人物

She has a good figure. 她身材苗条。

[拓展] v. 猜想；判断；计算

[联想] figure on/upon计划；打算；指望；期待

We figured on your support.

figure out 理解，弄明白；计算出，找到结果；

I can’t figure out why he quit his job.

Can you figure out this puzzle? 你能找到谜底吗?

12. profit n. (常用复数) 利润；益处；好处

v. 有益于，有利于

[联想] at a profit (of) 获得利润

make a profit (of)获利

They made a profit of 10 pence on every book.

profit from/by … = benefit from …从…中受益

I profited greatly from this book. = This book profited me

greatly.

13. keep an eye out for sb./sth. 留心或注意某人(某事)

[比较] keep an eye on sb. 关心；照顾

look out for sb./sth. 当心；警惕

[联想] keep away from不接近；

keep up with赶上，跟上；

keep in touch with保持联系；

keep track of跟踪；记录；

keep one’s word守信；说话算数

keep on good terms with 保持友好关系

keep to坚持，遵守；

keep out挡住，不让进入；

keep up继续保持；

keep off避开，不靠近

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keep on继续进行；

keep back阻挡；

keep … from doing sth. 忍住，阻止；

14. attach系上；贴上；附加；认为……重要

attach sth. to = fasten/tie sth. to 把……系在……

He attached a stamp to the envelope.

attach importance to sth. 认为……重要

I attach great importance to this research.

attach oneself to 依附；参与

She attached herself to me at the party. 晚会上她老是缠着我。

I attached myself to a group of tourists into the park. 我随着

一群游客混进了公园。

be attached to 依恋，喜欢；附属于

She is deeply attached to her dead father. 她深深依恋着已故

的父亲。

[拓展] attachment n. 附属物；附件；依恋

15. point out 指出；使注意

My teacher pointed out my mistakes.

He pointed out that this project is very important.

[联想] pointed at (to) 指着；指向……

He pointed at (to)the map.

[拓展] pointed adj. 直截了当的；尖的

This is a pointed question.

point n. 点；尖端；分数；要点

What’s the key point in his speech?

[联想] to the point切中要害，一语中的

Her answer is to the point.

a point of view 观点，看法

be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事……

make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要

There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义

16. make sense 讲得通；有道理

His suggestion makes much sense.

[联想] make no sense 讲不通；毫无意义

What he said makes (no) sense.

make sense of = understand 明白

Can you make sense of this poem?

in a sense 在某种意义上

His speech is rubbish in a sense.

common sense 常识（理）

17. get the message across 传播信息，使人理解

They are trying to get the message across to young people

that drugs are dangerous.

[联想]get the message 领悟，理解，明白

When he started looking at his watch, I got the message and

left.

take a message传话，捎口信

leave a message留言

send sb. a message 给某人发信息

convey a message传递信息

18. arm sb. with sth. 用某物武装某人，(使)具备

I’ve armed myself with all the fact to prove my point.

[联想] armed with 具备，拥有……

Armed with everything he needed, he set out at once.

Their family used to be poor, but now they have been armed

with everything.

armed to the teeth武装到牙齿；全副武装

19. spot v.弄脏；发现，认出；点缀

The milk spotted her clothes.

I easily spotted my friend in the crowd.

[联想] spot with点缀；被……弄脏

The night sky is spotted with stars.

spot sb. doing sth. 注意到、发现某人做某事

Marry spotted a stranger walking out of the building.

Did you spot him driving away the car?

[拓展] spot n. 点；污点；场所，地点

In this disease spots appear on the legs.

This is a nice spot for a house.

That was the spot where he was murdered.

on the spot 在现场；立刻；当机立断

When the accident took place, I happened to be on the spot.

The question interested me on the spot.

20. 课文中的其它短语：

hand in hand 手拉手地；关系紧密地

go hand in hand with 与……同步

make informed choices 做出明智的选择

in a variety of ways 在很多方面

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

make sb. aware of 使某人意识到

look out for sth. 注意，留心；当心

first of all 首先；最重要的是

make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人有可能做某事

distinguish between sth. and sth. 把……区别开来

protect sb. from 保护某人不受(损失)

differ from 与……不同

convey a message 传递信息

start with 以……开始

with/for the purpose of 旨在；以……为目的

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SB3Unit 6 Going west

1. quit (quit, quit) 放弃；停止；离开

[联想]quit doing sth. 停止做某事

Quit worrying about me. (Don’t worry about me.)

quit one’s job 辞职

[辨异] quit强调“突然或不愿意地放弃、停止”，如：She

quitted her job after that.

abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣

或负有责任的人或物，如：

She abandoned her child.

desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”，如：The fort

was finally deserted.

2. apply … to …把……应用于

New technology is being applied to almost every field.

We must apply our minds to finding a solution to the

problem.

[联想] apply to 适用于，适合于(不用于进行时态)

This price only applies to newcomers.

Such books apply to children.

apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物

They applied to the government for help.

apply oneself to 专心致志于……

You should always apply yourself to your study.

apply for 申请，请求

I’m applying for this position.

3. add up 加起来；合乎情理，有道理（尤用于否定句）

He told me to add up the figures.

What he said at the meeting didn’t add up.

He had been arrested for murder, but the evidence just

didn’t add up. (……证据不合情理)

[联想]add to 增加；加强

The examination has added to our pressure.

Please add my name to the list.

add up to 合计达……，总共有……

The expenses add up to 3,000 yuan.

[拓展] addition n.加；增加

in addition另外；还

in addition to除……以外；此外

4. circumstance (常用复数) 环境，情况

They are in bad circumstances. (他们境况不佳。)

in / under the circumstances (of) 在……的情况下

in / under no circumstances 绝不，任何情况都不

Under no circumstances should we give up the plan.

[联想] by no means, at no time, in no case, on/under no

condition, on no account等都有同样的意思，它们位于句首时，主

谓需倒装。

5. lose heart 泄气，灰心(= be discouraged)

Never lose heart in face of trouble.

[联想] lose one’s heart to sth. = be lost in sth. = lose oneself

in sth. 全身心地投入到……，被……迷住He lost his heart to making

money.

lose one’s heart to sb. = be attached to sb. 爱上，钟情于

Mary lost her heart to a German guy.

6. take it / things easy 别紧张，放松点

[比较] take one’s time 慢慢来

[联想] take notice of注意到

take charge of 负责，主管

take … by surprise出奇不意地……

take… lying down甘受（挫败）

take … for example 以……为例

take … for granted 想当然

take great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事

take a hand in 干预；参与

take steps/measures/action 采取措施(行动)

take advantage of 利用

take account of 考虑

take interest in 对……感兴趣

take pride in 以……为自豪

take office 就职；上任

take pity on 可怜；同情

take the place of 代替

take sides in 站在……一边；支持

take possession of 拥有；占有

7. keep up 维持，保持

You have been working hard. Keep it up.

Keep up the friendship between us.

It costs a lot of money to keep up a car.

[联想] keep on继续进行；

keep back阻挡；

keep from 忍住，阻止；

keep away from不接近；

keep up with赶上，跟上；

keep to坚持，遵守；

keep out挡住，不让进入

keep/stay in touch with与……保持联系

keep track of 记录；保持联系

8. beyond prep. 超出；在……那边；adv. 在更远处

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Don’t go beyond that hill.

He is walking towards the house beyond.

[联想] beyond my power 为某人力所不及

The question is beyond my power.

beyond sb.为某人所不能理解

It’s quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker.

9. leave behind 忘带；留下

He left his schoolbag behind.

Yesterday I left behind my dictionary.

[联想] leave (sb.) alone 不管，不理会（某人）；

leave off停止，中断；

leave for 动身去……；

leave over剩下，剩余；

leave out省去，遗漏；

leave ... as it is 让某事顺其自然；

leave sth. up to sb. 由某人做决定；

on leave 休假；

ask for leave请假；

take French leave 不辞而别，擅自行动；

10. lose one’s way 迷路

[联想] lose (one’s) temper 发脾气；

lose (one’s) face 丢脸；

lose (one’s) balance 跌倒；

lose (one’s) mind 发疯；

lose (one’s) life 牺牲生命；

lose (one’s) weight 减肥；

11．burden n. 负担；责任；v. 担负……负担

We are unable to take another heavy burden.

[联想] burden sb. with sth. 使某人肩负起……

I don’t want to burden you with my worries.

be burdened with sth. 担负着……

Children are burdened with their studies.

burden oneself with 使自己担起……负担

The poor fellow had to burden himself with a family.

12. desperate adj.

(a). 因绝望而不顾一切的

He grew more desperate after the accident.

(b). 极想要的，极需的

At the moment they are desperate for money.

(c). 危极的，非常严重的

The situation was so desperate that no one could help.

[拓展]despair n. 绝望；令人绝望的人和事

desperation n. 绝望；铤而走险

In desperation, he called me and asked for help. 走投无路中，

他打电话向我求助。

13．accustomed 习惯的，通常的

He took his accustomed seat by the fire.

[联想] be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事He has

been accustomed to hard work now.

I will get accustomed to looking after the children.

accustom oneself to sth. 使习惯于

You will soon accustom yourself to getting up early.

[比较] be/get used to (doing) sth.

14. come to an end 结束；终止(不及物动词)

Their meaningless talk should come to an end.

[比较] put /bring an end to (及物动词)

= put /bring … to an end

It’s time for us to put the meeting to an end.

We’d better bring an end to this argument.

[联想] come to life苏醒过来；活跃起来

[联想] come to oneself = come back to life 复活

come to light 显露；为人所知(不及物动词)

come to an agreement达成协议

come to a conclusion得出结论

come to a stop停止

come to the point 谈到正题

come to terms with 甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)；达成协议；对……

采取将就态度

15. relief n. 缓和；减轻

to one’s relief 如释重负的是……

Much to my relief, the car was not damaged.

To his great relief, he passed the exam finally.

16. deliver 递送；发言；接生

Letters are delivered every day.

He delivered a speech yesterday.

The doctor delivered her baby.

17. tie up 系好，捆好；（使）停止，阻塞

Please tie up your package.

The accident tied up all the traffic.

[联想] tie … to …把……系在……

He tied his horse to a tree.

[比较]fasten … to; attach … to

18. go for 为……而去；努力获取；喜欢

She has gone for some milk.

It sounds a great idea. Just go for it!

Do you go for classical music?

[比较] go in for 参加考试；爱好，从事，忙于

We are going in for the entrance examinations.

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She doesn’t go in for such sports.

[联想] go after追逐，追求；

go about从事工作；随便走走；

go all out 全力以赴；

go off爆炸；停电；消失；

go against 违反；违背；

go on 继续；进行；

go with 和……相配；

go through 通过；浏览；经历；

go without 将就，凑合

go out熄灭；出去；

go wrong出毛病，出问题

19. 课文中的其它短语：

give sb. the idea to do sth. 给某人做……的念头

set off for = set out for 动身、出发去……

pull up 往上或向前拉

be hard on sb. 对……来说太过分

drag one’s legs 拖着疲惫的步子。

in desperate need of 急需；渴望

be lined with sth. 排列着某物

Lying around … is/are …周围是……

in anxiety of = be anxious to do sth. 渴望

at stake = in danger = at risk在危险中

risk one’s life to do sth. 冒生命之险去做某事

SB3Unit 7 A Christmas Carol

1. care for 喜欢，愿意；关心，照顾

He cares much for new clothes.

The children are well cared for in the nurseries.

[联想] care about 在乎，介意

This time I failed, but I don’t care (about it).

care to do sth. 喜欢、愿意做某事

Would you care to visit us this weekend?

I don’t care to play football. 我不喜欢踢足球。

[拓展] with care 认真地，仔细地；

take care 当心，注意；

take care of 照料，爱护；

2. conscience 良心，是非感；内疚，愧疚

a person of conscience 一个有良心的人

according to one’s conscience 凭良心

have a good (bad) conscience 问心无（有）愧

3. wage 工资，工钱

[辨异] wage指按日、周或小时计算以现金的方式所支付的“工

资”；如：

Their wages are usually paid on Friday.

salary指月薪、年薪；通常转入银行账户后领取：

What’s your salary as a manager?

pay泛指“工资、报酬”，往往是定期的报酬；payment 指一次

性的，临时的报酬，如：

He went home after getting his pay.

income指总的“收入，所得”，如：

His total income a month is only 2,000 yuan.

4. anyway adv. 无论如何，不管怎样(=anyhow)

I must be going now, anyway.

Anyhow I must finish the work today.

a nyway常用来引导一个新的话题，如：

John failed, as we all know, but anyway all of us must work

hard.

[比较] any way 任何方法，任何方式

If there is any way in which you can help me improve my

English, let me know.

5. leave/let … alone 不管，随……去，不打扰

Get away and leave/let me alone.

The child is sleeping. Just leave/let him alone.

[比较] let alone 更不用说

[联想] leave behind 忘带；留下；

leave off停止，中断；

leave out省去，遗漏；

leave for 动身去……；

leave over剩下，剩余；

leave ... as it is 让某事顺其自然；

leave sth. up to sb. 由某人做决定；

on leave 休假；

ask for leave请假；

6. admit准许……进入；承认；

One ticket only admits one person to the party.

[联想] admit … to (into) …允许……进入

be admitted to 被……录取

They are all admitted to college.

作“承认”讲时，后接名词（代词）、-ing形式或从句作宾语。

Don’t be afraid to admit your mistakes.

He had to admit having broken the law.

She admitted that the news was true.

[辨异] admit表示“准许某人进入某场所或加入某组织”，allow

和permit表示主语“允许别人”干某事。

He allowed (permitted) me to come.

allow 和permit在很多情况下意义相同，但allow有“并不反对”

或“不加阻止”的意思，偏重“默许”或

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“听任”，含义较消极。而permit更正式，含有“积极地、从正

面允许”之意，如：

The boss permitted him to leave.

7. foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的；荒谬的

It was very foolish of you to park the car there.

[辨异] foolish 指缺乏常识和判断力，强调“蠢”，如：

He is foolish enough to believe in ghost.

silly 指某人头脑简单，“傻乎乎的”，含有“嘲弄”之意，强调

“傻”，如：

D on’t just s tand there, you silly ass (笨蛋)!

stupid 指智力差，反应迟钝，强调“笨”，如：

Sorry I am too stupid to understand you.

8. abundant 丰富的，充足的

[比较] abandon 遗弃

[联想]be abundant in/with = be rich in

China is abundant in natural resources.

abundant rain fall 充沛的降雨量

an abundant land 富饶的土地

abundant energies 旺盛的精力

9. in want of 需要；缺乏

The house is in want/need of repair.

[比较]in need of 需要；缺乏

We are in need/want of more computers.

want of = lack of 缺乏

The plants died from want/lack of water.

[联想]in charge of 主管；负责

in search of 寻找；搜索

in memory of 为纪念……

in honour of 以……的荣誉

in favour of 支持；造成

in praise of 赞扬；表扬

in the face of 面对；当面

in the hope of 希望；指望

10. badly off 贫困，境况不好（不能作前置定语）

She was quite badly off for a while after her husband died.

[比较] well off 富裕的，境况好的（不能作前置定语）Now

people are better off than before.

11. constant adj. 经常的；不断发生的

There has been constant trouble recently.

[比较] frequent adj. 常见的；频繁的

I enjoyed his frequent visits. 我喜欢他经常来访。

[辨异] constant和frequent意思接近，都指事物习惯性地重复，

但constant 侧重“连续不断”，frequent强调“频繁”。

continual 也指“不间断的；连续的”，而continuous 强调事物

发展过程中没有中断或停止，常用来表示时间或电波等。如：

I hate the continual examinations.

Jack has taken a continuous rest of five hours.

12. occupy （使）忙碌；（使）从事；占有

[拓展] occupied adj. 已占用的，不空闲的

This table is already occupied.

[联想] be occupied with/in (doing) sth.忙于……

= be engaged in (doing) sth.

= be employed in (doing) sth.

= be busy with sth.

He was occupied (engaged) in daily affairs.

occupy oneself in /with sth. 忙于……；从事……

= engage oneself in sth.

= employ oneself in sth.

She occupied (engaged) herself in writing a novel.

13. close up (临时)关闭；使靠近、围拢

I heard a shop downtown is closing up for rebuilding.

We saw the enemy soldiers closed up.

[联想] close down (永久)关闭，停业；倒闭

The government decided to close down the coal mine.

This company closed down three years ago.

close in 包围；(白天) 渐短

Darkness was gradually closing in. 夜暮降临了。

Autumn is coming and the days are closing in.

close with = end with 以……结束

Our party closed with a beautiful song.

be (get) close to 靠近；几乎

She was close to tears.

Don’t get close to the fire until the firefighters arrived.

14. have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光

[联想]in the eyes of 在某人看来

have an eye on sth. 想得到，有……欲望；

keep an eye out for sth. 注意，留心，提高警惕

keep an eye on 关照，照料；留意

fix one’s eyes on/upon 凝视

have an appetite for渴望，有……的胃口；

15. of late 近来

[联想] of course 当然；

of age 成年；

of oneself 自然而然地，自动地；

of one’s own 自己的

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16. Much good may it do you! = May it do you much good!

= I hope it will do you much good.

do sb. good = do good to sb. 对某人有好处

Do you think a bit of exercise would do you good?

I’m afraid this heavy rain will do no good to the crops. [联

想] for your own good 对你有好处

for the good of 对……有好处

[拓展] do sb. wrong 冤枉某人；

do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙

17. 课文中的其它短语：

be content to do sth. 乐意做某事

twice the size of ……的两倍大

as follows （列举事物）……如下

on the contrary 恰恰相反

toast to 敬酒；为……干杯

SB3Unit 8

Learning a foreign language

1. stick n. 棍子

v. (stuck, stuck) 使阻塞；伸出；粘贴；剌入

I’ve stuck the map on the wall.

[联想] be stuck in / get stuck 陷入……；

The bus was stuck in the snow.

stick out (向外)伸出；坚持(做到底)

Don’t stick your head out of the window.

stick with 继续支持；保持联系

be stuck with 被……缠住

Do you stick with your friends through thick and thin?

stick up for 支持

stick to 坚持，遵守(原则、计划、决定、建议等)

Stick to your way of doing things, and you’ll make it.

Once a decision is made, all of us should stick to it.

[比较] insist on 表示“坚决要求做……”，多用于意见、观点、主

张等，如：She insists on my going with her.

persist in 强调“固执，执意不改”，如：

They persist in finishing the work before supper.

hold on强调“不放弃”；

keep to 指“坚持、遵循规章制度”；

keep up指“继续坚持、保持某种状态”。

2. make progress 前进，进步

They’ve made rapid progress in their work.

[联想] make sense 有意义；讲得通

make sure 确保

make profits 获利

make a difference 有关系，有影响；

make a living谋生；

make a choice 做出选择

make a decision 做出决定

make a fortune 发财

3. acquire vt. 学到(知识)；获得

acquire a good knowledge of English 学好英语

His character acquired him a good fame.

We acquire our mother tongue by communication with the

people around us.

[辨异] acquire 指通过自身的努力获得知识、技能等。也可指获得

别的东西；gain指经过努力“赢得”某种利益或好处等；obtain指经

过长时间努力获得向往已久的东西，含有满足要求或达到目的之意。

4. make sense of 弄懂……的意思(=understand)

I couldn’t make sense of his speech.

Can you make sense of what you heard?

[联想]make sense有道理，讲得通；

make no sense毫无意义；

in a sense在某种意义上；

make sure (of) 确保；有把握；

make use of 利用；

make fun of 开玩笑

make progress 前进，进步

5. in other words 换言之(= that is to say)

[联想] in a word 总之；

get in a word 插话；

have a word with sb.与某人交谈；

have words with sb.和某人争吵；

keep/break one’s word 遵守/违背诺言；

leave word 留言；

word came that … 消息传来说……

6. instruct 教；指导

She instructs music at a middle school.

[联想] instruct sb. in sth. 指导某人某事

He instructed a class in history. 他教过一个班的历史。

instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

He was instructed to sail for Wuhan. 他奉命前往武汉。

[拓展] instruction n. 教育；指导；用法说明(书)

Read the instructions on the pocket.

follow the instructions 遵循指导

ask for instruction请示

give instruction in讲授

give instructions to do sth. 指挥、命令做某事

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7. anxious 忧虑的，担心的

[联想] be anxious about = be worried about 担心

be anxious for = be eager for 渴望

be anxious to do sth. = be eager to do sth.

[比较]be curious about = be interested in对…好奇

[拓展] anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望

in anxiety of sth. = be anxious for sth. 渴望某事

with great anxiety非常担忧；十分焦急地

8. secure 有把握的；安全的

I don’t feel secure when I am alone in the house.

We are secure of victory.

be secure of (about) sth. = be sure of (about) sth.

9. take a risk / take risks 冒险(= take chances)

[联想] take / run the risk of冒……的危险

at the risk of 冒……的危险

at all risks / at any risk 无论冒什么危险

at risk = in danger = at stake 在危险中

risk doing sth. 冒险做……

risk one’s life to do sth. 冒生命的危险去做……

10．experiment with 进行实验；用……做实验

I want to experiment with new methods of teaching.

They shouldn’t experiment with/on animals.

experiment是不及物动词，常与介词on/upon，with 等连用。

[联想] experiment on/upon sb.(animals) 在某人（动物）身上

做实验；

do/make/carry out/conduct an experiment做实验

by experiment 通过实验

11. patience 耐心，忍耐力

[联想] with patience耐心地

be out of patience 对……忍无可忍

If you are always talking like that, I will be out of patience.

[拓展] patient adj. 忍耐的；容忍的；有耐心的

be patient with 对……有耐心

You should be patient with your children.

n. 病人；患者

The doctor visited his patients in hospital.

12. adopt 采纳；接收；收养

We have adopted their suggestion.

The old couple adopted an orphan.

The boy is an adopted son of the couple.

[比较] adapt使适应，改编

It’s hard for the animals to adapt (themselves) to the new

environment.

This TV play was adapted from a novel.

13. piles of /a pile of = a lot of

There are piles of books in the room.

[联想] pile up 堆积，积累

The children are piling up snow in the yard.

pile (it) on = lay it on夸张，夸大其词

pile … on(onto) …把……堆放在……上

14. put an end to = bring an end to 结束；使……终止

After a long discussion they put an end to the meeting.

[比较] put sth. to an end = bring sth. to an end

come to an end 结束，终止 (不及物动词)

Our days of hardship came to an end.

15. knock down

(1). 击；撞倒(= knock over)

The tree was knocked down by a car.

(2).拆除(=pull down, tear down)

These old buildings will soon be knocked down.

(3).降价；减价(=bring down)

Finally I managed to knock down their price.

[联想] knock at/on 敲……；

knock against 撞击；

knock into 撞在……身上；

knock over打翻，推翻；

knock around/about 游荡，流浪；

knock out of 从……里敲出来

16. fall behind 落后于；掉队

His absence caused him to fall behind the rest of us.

Be quick, or you will fall behind.

Try your best not to fall behind in your studies.

[比较]drop behind落后；掉队

get behind落后；掉队；

leave behind忘带；留下；

be behind 在后面；支持；导致

stand behind支持；做后盾；

look behind 向后看；

[归纳] fall into 陷入某种状态，开始……起来；

They fell into lively discussion of the question.

fall off从……掉下，跌落；减少；

The boy fell off his bicycle.

fall over 滑倒，跌倒；

fall down 落下，下落；

fall back后退，退却；

fall in love with爱上某人；

fall into the habit of养成……的习惯；

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