pytest框架进阶自学系列

pytest框架进阶自学系列

书籍来源：房荔枝 梁丽丽《pytest框架与自动化测试应用》

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附上汇总贴：pytest框架进阶自学系列 | 汇总_热爱编程的通信人的博客-CSDN博客

pytest是一个基于Python的框架，需要安装在Python上，所以我们首先需要验证Python是否成功安装，然后安装pytest。我们的编码是在Python的集成开发环境PyCharm上进行。

Python的环境验证

Python的命令在Windows和Mac系统中的命令基本一致，如有不同，则会分别说明。

在Windows系统的cmd中执行结果如下：

PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> python --version
Python 3.7.7
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> 

安装pytest

接下来开始安装pytest，我们可以安装任何版本的pytest，在本书中pytest 5.4.1是我们要安装的版本。

安装显示过程如下：

PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> pip install pytest == 5.4.1
ERROR: Invalid requirement: '=='
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> pip install pytest = 5.4.1  
ERROR: Invalid requirement: '='
Hint: = is not a valid operator. Did you mean == ?
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> pip install pytest==5.4.1  
Collecting pytest==5.4.1Downloading .4.1-py3-none-any.whl (246kB)|████████████████████████████████| 256kB 409kB/s
Collecting more-itertools>=4.0.0 (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .1.0-py3-none-any.whl (54kB)|████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.0MB/s
Collecting colorama; sys_platform == "win32" (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .7.0-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting attrs>=17.4.0 (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .1.0-py3-none-any.whl (61kB)|████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.8MB/s
Collecting atomicwrites>=1.0; sys_platform == "win32" (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .4.
Collecting wcwidth (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .2.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting py>=1.5.0 (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (98kB)|████████████████████████████████| 102kB 3.2MB/s
Collecting packaging (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .1-py3-none-any.whl (48kB)|████████████████████████████████| 51kB 3.4MB/s
Collecting pluggy<1.0,>=0.12 (from pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting zipp>=0.5 (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .15.0-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting typing-extensions>=3.6.4; python_version < "3.8" (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->pytest==5.4.1)Downloading .7.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: more-itertools, colorama, zipp, typing-extensions, importlib-metadata, attrs, atomicwrites, wcwidth, py, packaging, pluggy, pytestRunning setup.py install for atomicwrites ... done
Successfully installed atomicwrites-1.4.1 attrs-23.1.0 colorama-0.4.6 importlib-metadata-6.7.0 more-itertools-9.1.0 packaging-23.1 pluggy-0.13.1 py-1.11.0 pytest-5.4.1 typing-extensions-4.7.1 wcwidth-0.2.6 zipp-3.15.0
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning>

帮助显示如下。

PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> pytest -h
usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]positional arguments:file_or_dirgeneral:-k EXPRESSION         only run tests which match the given substring expression. An expression is a python evaluatable expression where all names are substring-matched against test names and their parent classes. Example: -k      'test_method or test_other' matches all test functions and classes whose name contains 'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those that don't contain 'test_method' in their names. -k 'not test_method and not test_other' will eliminate the matches. Additionally keywords are matched to classes and functions containing extra names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functionswhich have names assigned directly to them. The matching is case-insensitive.-m MARKEXPR           only run tests matching given mark expression. example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.--markers             show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).-x, --exitfirst       exit instantly on first error or failed test.--maxfail=num         exit after first num failures or errors.--strict-markers, --strictmarkers not registered in the `markers` section of the configuration file raise errors.-c file               load configuration from `file` instead of trying to locate one of the implicit configuration files.--continue-on-collection-errorsForce test execution even if collection errors occur.--rootdir=ROOTDIR     Define root directory for tests. Can be relative path: 'root_dir', './root_dir', 'root_dir/another_dir/'; absolute path: '/home/user/root_dir'; path with variables: '$HOME/root_dir'.--fixtures, --funcargsshow available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance (fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with '-v')--fixtures-per-test   show fixtures per test--import-mode={prepend,append}prepend/append to sys.path when importing test modules, default is to prepend.--pdb                 start the interactive Python debugger on errors or KeyboardInterrupt.--pdbcls=modulename:classnamestart a custom interactive Python debugger on errors. For example: --pdbcls&#inal.debugger:TerminalPdb--trace               Immediately break when running each test.--capture=method      per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.-s                    shortcut for --capture=no.--runxfail            report the results of xfail tests as if they were not marked--lf, --last-failed   rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or all if none failed)--ff, --failed-first  run all tests but run the last failures first. This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture setup/teardown--nf, --new-first     run tests from new files first, then the rest of the tests sorted by file mtime--cache-show=[CACHESHOW]show cache contents, don't perform collection or tests. Optional argument: glob (default: '*').--cache-clear         remove all cache contents at start of test run.--lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}which tests to run with no previously (known) failures.--sw, --stepwise      exit on test failure and continue from last failing test next time--stepwise-skip       ignore the first failing test but stop on the next failing testreporting:--durations=N         show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).-v, --verbose         increase verbosity.-q, --quiet           decrease verbosity.--verbosity=VERBOSE   set verbosity. Default is 0.-r chars              show extra test summary info as specified by chars: (f)ailed, (E)rror, (s)kipped, (x)failed, (X)passed, (p)assed, (P)assed with output, (a)ll except passed (p/P), or (A)ll. (w)arnings are enabled by default  (see --disable-warnings), 'N' can be used to reset the list. (default: 'fE').--disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warningsdisable warnings summary-l, --showlocals      show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).--tb=style            traceback print mode (auto/long/short/line/native/no).--show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on failed tests. Default is 'all'.--full-trace          don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).--color=color         color terminal output (yes/no/auto).--pastebin=mode       send failed|all info to bpaste pastebin service.--junit-xml=path      create junit-xml style report file at given path.--junit-prefix=str    prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output--result-log=path     DEPRECATED path for machine-readable llection:--collect-only, --co  only collect tests, don't execute them.--pyargs              try to interpret all arguments as python packages.--ignore=path         ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).--ignore-glob=path    ignore path pattern during collection (multi-allowed).--deselect=nodeid_prefixdeselect item (via node id prefix) during collection (multi-allowed).--confcutdir=dir      only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.--noconftest          Don't load any conftest.py files.--keep-duplicates     Keep duplicate tests.--collect-in-virtualenvDon't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory--doctest-modules     run doctests in all .py modules--doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}choose another output format for diffs on doctest failure--doctest-glob=pat    doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt--doctest-ignore-import-errorsignore doctest ImportErrors--doctest-continue-on-failurefor a given doctest, continue to run after the first failuretest session debugging and configuration:--basetemp=dir        base temporary directory for this test run.(warning: this directory is removed if it exists)-V, --version         display pytest version and information about plugins.-h, --help            show help message and configuration info-p name               early-load given plugin module name or entry point (multi-allowed). To avoid loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix, e.g. `no:doctest`.--trace-config        trace considerations of conftest.py files.--debug               store internal tracing debug information in 'pytestdebug.log'.-o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INIoverride ini option with "option=value" style, e.g. `-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.--assert=MODE         Control assertion debugging tools. 'plain' performs no assertion debugging. 'rewrite' (the default) rewrites assert statements in test modules on import to provide assert expression information.--setup-only          only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.--setup-show          show setup of fixtures while executing tests.--setup-plan          show what fixtures and tests would be executed but don't execute anything.pytest-warnings:-W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGSset which warnings to report, see -W option of python itself.logging:--no-print-logs       disable printing caught logs on failed tests.--log-level=LEVEL     level of messages to catch/display. Not set by default, so it depends on the root/parent log handler's effective level, where it is "WARNING" by default.--log-format=LOG_FORMATlog format as used by the logging module.--log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMATlog date format as used by the logging module.--log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVELcli logging level.--log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMATlog format as used by the logging module.--log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMATlog date format as used by the logging module.--log-file=LOG_FILE   path to a file when logging will be written to.--log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVELlog file logging level.--log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMATlog format as used by the logging module.--log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMATlog date format as used by the logging module.--log-auto-indent=LOG_AUTO_INDENTAuto-indent multiline messages passed to the logging module. Accepts true|on, false|off or an integer.[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:markers (linelist):   markers for test functionsempty_parameter_set_mark (string):default marker for empty parametersetsnorecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursiontestpaths (args):     directories to search for tests when no files or directories are given in the command line.usefixtures (args):   list of default fixtures to be used with this projectpython_files (args):  glob-style file patterns for Python test module discoverypython_classes (args):prefixes or glob names for Python test class discoverypython_functions (args):prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discoverydisable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):disable string escape non-ascii characters, might cause unwanted side effects(use at your own risk)console_output_style (string):console output: "classic", or with additional progress information ("progress" (percentage) | "count").xfail_strict (bool):  default for the strict parameter of xfail markers when not given explicitly (default: False)enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cache files.junit_suite_name (string):Test suite name for JUnit reportjunit_logging (string):Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|alljunit_log_passing_tests (bool):Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit report:junit_duration_report (string):Duration time to report: one of total|calljunit_family (string):Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2doctest_optionflags (args):option flags for doctestsdoctest_encoding (string):encoding used for doctest filescache_dir (string):   cache directory path.filterwarnings (linelist):Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after -W/--pythonwarnings.log_print (bool):     default value for --no-print-logslog_level (string):   default value for --log-levellog_format (string):  default value for --log-formatlog_date_format (string):default value for --log-date-formatlog_cli (bool):       enable log display during test run (also known as "live logging").log_cli_level (string):default value for --log-cli-levellog_cli_format (string):default value for --log-cli-formatlog_cli_date_format (string):default value for --log-cli-date-formatlog_file (string):    default value for --log-filelog_file_level (string):default value for --log-file-levellog_file_format (string):default value for --log-file-formatlog_file_date_format (string):default value for --log-file-date-formatlog_auto_indent (string):default value for --log-auto-indentfaulthandler_timeout (string):Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish. Not available on Windows.addopts (args):       extra command line optionsminversion (string):  minimally required pytest versionenvironment variables:PYTEST_ADDOPTS           extra command line optionsPYTEST_PLUGINS           comma-separated plugins to load during startupPYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD set to disable plugin auto-loadingPYTEST_DEBUG             set to enable debug tracing of pytest's internalsto see available markers type: pytest --markers
to see available fixtures type: pytest --fixtures
(shown according to specified file_or_dir or current dir if not specified; fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with the '-v' option
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> 

如果要查看pytest的详细介绍，则可以执行的命令如下：

显示版本信息、主页信息、作者信息、版权信息、安装位置信息、关联包信息等。

PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning> pip show pytest
Name: pytest
Version: 5.4.1
Summary: pytest: simple powerful testing with Python
Home-page: /
Author: Holger Krekel, Bruno Oliveira, Ronny Pfannschmidt, Floris Bruynooghe, Brianna Laugher, Florian Bruhin and others
Author-email: None
License: MIT license
Location: c:usersguoliangappdatalocalprogramspythonpython37libsite-packages
Requires: importlib-metadata, attrs, packaging, pluggy, wcwidth, atomicwrites, more-itertools, colorama, py
Required-by:
PS D:SynologyDriveCodeLearningWINpytest_learning>