【树莓派】备份系统、备份SD卡、裁剪全备份的系统

【树莓派】备份系统、备份SD卡、裁剪全备份的系统

注意第一点，如果要使用移动硬盘备份你的树莓派，供电一定要5V2A线，别用笔记本USB供电或者劣质供电器、供电线，否则有黄色小闪电⚡，时间久了会对CPU造成伤害，同样供电不够也带不动硬盘。注意你的树莓派红灯一直在闪就说明供电不够，请马上关机换电源。

 本文使用SD全备份工具bkup_rpimage 当然你要使用 Win32DiskImager  进行全备份也行。

使用方法

进入Github 上面的链接，下载bkup_rpimage.sh，保存到你的U盘里

给上执行权限

chmod +x bkup_rpimage.sh

然后cd进U盘直接备份啦，让他自己生成日期.img（/media/pi/eVtranDisk 这是我U盘路径，要改成你自己的路径）

sudo sh bkup_rpimage.sh start -c /media/pi/eVtranDisk/rpi_backup-$(date +%Y-%m-%d).img

慢慢等待，没有进度条，备份最终名称rpi_backup-2020-05-08.img

停留在这个界面大概30多分钟就开始进行滚动了

耐心等待，脚本方式有点慢，最终花了我2个小时。。。 。Win32DiskImager会快很多，缺点是要在windows平台操作，还把SD卡取出来，有些小伙伴套了保护盒子就难得拆。。

最终把全备份img做好了，现在是内存卡多大，备份的img文件就有多大。接着进行裁剪

进入GitHub或见文尾附录，下载PiShrink裁剪工具，把sh下载到本地，给上执行权限

chmod +x pishrink.sh

然后裁剪多余空白的img空间

sudo bash pishrink.sh rpi_backup-2020-05-08.img

可以看到从30G缩小到11G

参考手册

bkup_rpimage

备份树莓派系统映像的脚本

例子

备份到rpi_backup.img文件

bkup_rpimage.sh start -c /path/to/rpi_backup.img

备份到rpi_backup.img文件，限制8000MB（博主内心OS不知道这是干嘛的，备份加啥限制呀）

bkup_rpimage.sh start -s 8000 -c /path/to/rpi_backup.img

使用树莓派的主机名作为SD映像文件名（为了方便多台树莓派的管理员吧）

bkup_rpimage.sh start /path/to/$(uname -n).img

使用树莓派的主机名和今天的日期作为SD镜像文件名，如果它不存在，创建它，并在备份后压缩它，特别注意这里的压缩指的是全备份后再用你的全备份img压缩一份gz文件，所以SD卡多大，最终的img就是多大。不实用，不推荐。

bkup_rpimage.sh start -cz /path/to/$(uname -n)-$(date +%Y-%m-%d).img

把SD映像放到指定文件夹/mnt/rpi_image

bkup_rpimage.sh mount /path/to/$(uname -n).img /mnt/rpi_image

从默认挂载目录卸载SD映像 (/mnt/raspi-2020-11-10.img/)

bkup_rpimage.sh umount /path/to/raspi-2020-11-10.img

附录

 PiShrink.sh

#!/bin/bash
version="v0.1.2"
CURRENT_DIR="$(pwd)"
SCRIPTNAME="${0##*/}"
MYNAME="${SCRIPTNAME%.*}"
LOGFILE="${CURRENT_DIR}/${SCRIPTNAME%.*}.log"
REQUIRED_TOOLS="parted losetup tune2fs md5sum e2fsck resize2fs"
ZIPTOOLS=("gzip xz")
declare -A ZIP_PARALLEL_TOOL=( [gzip]="pigz" [xz]="xz" ) # parallel zip tool to use in parallel mode
declare -A ZIP_PARALLEL_OPTIONS=( [gzip]="-f9" [xz]="-T0" ) # options for zip tools in parallel mode
declare -A ZIPEXTENSIONS=( [gzip]="gz" [xz]="xz" ) # extensions of zipped filesfunction info() {echo "$SCRIPTNAME: $1 ..."
}function error() {echo -n "$SCRIPTNAME: ERROR occured in line $1: "shiftecho "$@"
}function cleanup() {if losetup "$loopback" &>/dev/null; thenlosetup -d "$loopback"fiif [ "$debug" = true ]; thenlocal old_owner=$(stat -c %u:%g "$src")chown "$old_owner" "$LOGFILE"fi}function logVariables() {if [ "$debug" = true ]; thenecho "Line $1" >> "$LOGFILE"shiftlocal v varfor var in "$@"; doeval "v=$$var"echo "$var: $v" >> "$LOGFILE"donefi
}function checkFilesystem() {info "Checking filesystem"e2fsck -pf "$loopback"(( $? < 4 )) && returninfo "Filesystem error detected!"info "Trying to recover corrupted filesystem"e2fsck -y "$loopback"(( $? < 4 )) && returnif [[ $repair == true ]]; theninfo "Trying to recover corrupted filesystem - Phase 2"e2fsck -fy -b 32768 "$loopback"(( $? < 4 )) && return
fierror $LINENO "Filesystem recoveries failed. "exit -9}help() {local helpread -r -d '' help << EOM
Usage: $0 [-adhrspvzZ] imagefile.img [newimagefile.img]-s         Don't expand filesystem when image is booted the first time-v			 Be verbose-r         Use advanced filesystem repair option if the normal one fails-z         Compress image after shrinking with gzip-Z         Compress image after shrinking with xz-a         Compress image in parallel using multiple cores-p         Remove logs, apt archives, dhcp leases and ssh hostkeys-d         Write debug messages in a debug log file
EOMecho "$help"exit -1
}should_skip_autoexpand=false
debug=false
repair=false
parallel=false
verbose=false
prep=false
ziptool=""
required_tools="$REQUIRED_TOOLS"while getopts ":adhprsvzZ" opt; docase "${opt}" ina) parallel=true;;d) debug=true;;h) help;;p) prep=true;;r) repair=true;;s) should_skip_autoexpand=true ;;v) verbose=true;;z) ziptool="gzip";;Z) ziptool="xz";;*) help;;esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))if [ "$debug" = true ]; theninfo "Creating log file $LOGFILE"rm "$LOGFILE" &>/dev/nullexec 1> >(stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tee -a "$LOGFILE" >&1)exec 2> >(stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tee -a "$LOGFILE" >&2)
fiecho "${0##*/} $version"#Args
src="$1"
img="$1"#Usage checks
if [[ -z "$img" ]]; thenhelp
fiif [[ ! -f "$img" ]]; thenerror $LINENO "$img is not "exit -2
fi
if (( EUID != 0 )); thenerror $LINENO "You need to be running as root."exit -3
fi# check selected compression tool is supported and installed
if [[ -n $ziptool ]]; thenif [[ ! " ${ZIPTOOLS[@]} " =~ " $ziptool " ]]; thenerror $LINENO "$ziptool is an unsupported ziptool."exit -17elseif [[ $parallel == true && ziptool == "gzip" ]]; thenREQUIRED_TOOLS="$REQUIRED_TOOLS pigz"elseREQUIRED_TOOLS="$REQUIRED_TOOLS $ziptool"fifi
fi#Check that what we need is installed
for command in $REQUIRED_TOOLS; docommand -v $command >/dev/null 2>&1if (( $? != 0 )); thenerror $LINENO "$command is not installed."exit -4fi
done#Copy to new file if requested
if [ -n "$2" ]; theninfo "Copying $1 to $2..."cp --reflink=auto --sparse=always "$1" "$2"if (( $? != 0 )); thenerror $LINENO "Could not "exit -5fiold_owner=$(stat -c %u:%g "$1")chown "$old_owner" "$2"img="$2"
fi# cleanup at script exit
trap cleanup ERR EXIT#Gather info
info "Gathering data"
beforesize="$(ls -lh "$img" | cut -d ' ' -f 5)"
parted_output="$(parted -ms "$img" unit B print)"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"info "Possibly invalid image. Run 'parted $img unit B print' manually to investigate"exit -6
fi
partnum="$(echo "$parted_output" | tail -n 1 | cut -d ':' -f 1)"
partstart="$(echo "$parted_output" | tail -n 1 | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d 'B')"
loopback="$(losetup -f --show -o "$partstart" "$img")"
tune2fs_output="$(tune2fs -l "$loopback")"
currentsize="$(echo "$tune2fs_output" | grep '^Block count:' | tr -d ' ' | cut -d ':' -f 2)"
blocksize="$(echo "$tune2fs_output" | grep '^Block size:' | tr -d ' ' | cut -d ':' -f 2)"logVariables $LINENO beforesize parted_output partnum partstart tune2fs_output currentsize blocksize#Check if we should make pi expand rootfs on next boot
if [ "$should_skip_autoexpand" = false ]; then#Make pi expand rootfs on next bootmountdir=$(mktemp -d)mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"if [ "$(md5sum "$mountdir/etc/rc.local" | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" != "0542054e9ff2d2e0507ea1ffe7d4fc87" ]; thenecho "Creating new /etc/rc.local"mv "$mountdir/etc/rc.local" "$mountdir/etc/rc.local.bak"#####Do not touch the following lines#####cat <<EOF1 > "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"
#!/bin/bash
do_expand_rootfs() {ROOT_PART=$(mount | sed -n 's|^/dev/(.*) on / .*|1|p')PART_NUM=${ROOT_PART#mmcblk0p}if [ "$PART_NUM" = "$ROOT_PART" ]; thenecho "$ROOT_PART is not an SD card. Don't know how to expand"return 0fi# Get the starting offset of the root partitionPART_START=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | grep "^${PART_NUM}" | cut -f 2 -d: | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')[ "$PART_START" ] || return 1# Return value will likely be error for fdisk as it fails to reload the# partition table because the root fs is mountedfdisk /dev/mmcblk0 <<EOF
p
d
$PART_NUM
n
p
$PART_NUM
$PART_START
p
w
EOF
cat <<EOF > /etc/rc.local &&
#!/bin/sh
echo "Expanding /dev/$ROOT_PART"
resize2fs /dev/$ROOT_PART
rm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.local
EOF
reboot
exit
}
raspi_config_expand() {
/usr/bin/env raspi-config --expand-rootfs
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; thenreturn -1
elserm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.localrebootexit
fi
}
raspi_config_expand
echo "WARNING: Using "
sleep 5
do_expand_rootfs
echo "ERROR: "
sleep 5
rm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.local
exit 0
EOF1#####End no touch zone#####chmod +x "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"fiumount "$mountdir"
elseecho "Skipping "
fiif [[ $prep == true ]]; theninfo "Syspreping: Removing logs, apt archives, dhcp leases and ssh hostkeys"mountdir=$(mktemp -d)mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"rm -rf "$mountdir/var/cache/apt/archives/*" "$mountdir/var/lib/dhcpcd5/*" "$mountdir/var/log/*" "$mountdir/var/tmp/*" "$mountdir/tmp/*" "$mountdir/etc/ssh/*_host_*"umount "$mountdir"
fi#Make sure filesystem is ok
checkFilesystemif ! minsize=$(resize2fs -P "$loopback"); thenrc=$?error $LINENO "resize2fs failed with rc $rc"exit -10
fi
minsize=$(cut -d ':' -f 2 <<< "$minsize" | tr -d ' ')
logVariables $LINENO currentsize minsize
if [[ $currentsize -eq $minsize ]]; thenerror $LINENO "Image already shrunk to smallest size"exit -11
fi#Add some free space to the end of the filesystem
extra_space=$(($currentsize - $minsize))
logVariables $LINENO extra_space
for space in 5000 1000 100; doif [[ $extra_space -gt $space ]]; thenminsize=$(($minsize + $space))breakfi
done
logVariables $LINENO minsize#Shrink filesystem
info "Shrinking filesystem"
resize2fs -p "$loopback" $minsize
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "resize2fs failed with rc $rc"mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"mv "$mountdir/etc/rc.local.bak" "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"umount "$mountdir"losetup -d "$loopback"exit -12
fi
sleep 1#Shrink partition
partnewsize=$(($minsize * $blocksize))
newpartend=$(($partstart + $partnewsize))
logVariables $LINENO partnewsize newpartend
parted -s -a minimal "$img" rm "$partnum"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"exit -13
fiparted -s "$img" unit B mkpart primary "$partstart" "$newpartend"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"exit -14
fi#Truncate the file
info "Shrinking image"
endresult=$(parted -ms "$img" unit B print free)
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"exit -15
fiendresult=$(tail -1 <<< "$endresult" | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d 'B')
logVariables $LINENO endresult
truncate -s "$endresult" "$img"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); thenerror $LINENO "trunate failed with rc $rc"exit -16
fi# handle compression
if [[ -n $ziptool ]]; thenoptions=""envVarname="${MYNAME^^}_${ziptool^^}" # PISHRINK_GZIP or PISHRINK_XZ environment variables allow to override all options for gzip or xz[[ $parallel == true ]] && options="${ZIP_PARALLEL_OPTIONS[$ziptool]}"[[ -v $envVarname ]] && options="${!envVarname}" # if environment variable defined use these options[[ $verbose == true ]] && options="$options -v" # add verbose flag if requestedif [[ $parallel == true ]]; thenparallel_tool="${ZIP_PARALLEL_TOOL[$ziptool]}"info "Using $parallel_tool on the shrunk image"if ! $parallel_tool ${options} "$img"; thenrc=$?error $LINENO "$parallel_tool failed with rc $rc"exit -18fielse # sequentialinfo "Using $ziptool on the shrunk image"if ! $ziptool ${options} $img; thenrc=$?error $LINENO "$ziptool failed with rc $rc"exit -19fifiimg=$img.${ZIPEXTENSIONS[$ziptool]}
fiaftersize=$(ls -lh "$img" | cut -d ' ' -f 5)
logVariables $LINENO aftersizeinfo "Shrunk $img from $beforesize to $aftersize"