2024年1月26日发(作者：)
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词汇
sweltering < adj.> :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热
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counsel < n.> :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal
matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人
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silver-tongued < adj.> :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的
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orator < n.> :a skilled,eloquent public speaker雄辩家
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jury < n.> :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into
the facts in a law case,and to give decision in accordance with their
findings陪审团
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erupt < v．> :burst forth or out,as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出
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clash < n.> :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立
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fundamentalism < n.> :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of
everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith
and morals原教旨主义<相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰,反对较为近代的教义>
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legislature < n.> :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to
make laws for a country or state state,corresponding to the U．S．Congress>立法机构<尤指美国的州议会> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prohibit < v．> :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- legality < n.> :quality,condition,or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- indict < v．> :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告,控诉；指控,告发,对……起诉 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prosecute proceedings in court against对……起诉 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- festoon < v．> :adorn or hang with festoons饰以<或悬挂>花彩,结彩于 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sprout ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 / 24 . rickety < adj.> :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- evangelist < n.> :anyone who evangelizes revivalist>福音传教士<尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- exhort < v．> :urge earnestly by advice,warning,etc．规劝,劝告,劝戒 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- infidel < n.> :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者,不信宗教者 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- florid < adj. > : flushed with red or pink ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- paunchy < adj. > :[derog. or humor] stomach[贬或幽]<尤指男性>大腹便便的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- attorney < n.> :．any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of,another ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- shrewd < adj.> :keen—witted,clever,astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- magnetic < adj.> :vpowerfully attractive person,personality,etc．>有吸引力的；有魅力的<指人或个性等> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- steep < v．> :immense,saturate,absorb,or imbue ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- agnostic < n.> :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause,or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- growl ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- spar < v. > :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- drawl < v．> :speak slowly,prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bigotry < n.> :the behavior,attitude,or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为<或态度、信念等>；偏执；顽固；偏见 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rampant < adj. > :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 / 24 . faggot < n.> :a bundle of sticks,twigs,or branches ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- contaminate < v．> :make impure,infected,corrupt,etc．使感染,传染,毒害 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mammal < n.> :any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- snort < v．> :wave,shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging,or exultant way<威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地>挥舞 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- denounce < v．> :condemn strongly as evil谴责,指责,痛斥 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sonorous < adj. > :having a powerful,impressive sound<声音>响亮的；洪亮的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- reconcile < adj. > :settleor compose调解；调和；使一致；使相符 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- divine < adj. > :given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的,天赐的；神圣的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fervour < n.> :great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情,热心,热诚 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- arena < n.> :any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prairie < n.> :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- scorch burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责<或批评> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pop < v．> :[colloq．]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生,突然出现,突然来到 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- duel < n.> :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight,usually between two persons<常指两人间的>争斗,冲突,斗争 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hush < n.> :absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静,平静,安静；默不作声,沉默 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- adjourn < v. > :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会,闭会；延期 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 / 24 . swarm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hawker < n.> :a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster<沿街叫卖的>小贩 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- entrepreneur < n.> :[Fr．]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking．assuming the risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ape < n.> :any of a family stand and walk in an almost erect position猿 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ponder < v．> :weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cower < v．> :shrink and tremble,as from someone's anger,threats,or blow<因别人发怒、威胁或打击而>畏缩；发抖,哆嗦 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sulphurous < adj.> :violently emotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dispatch < n.> :a news story sent to a newspaper,radio station,etc．,as by a special reporter or news agency<特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的><新闻>电讯,电文,通讯 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yokel < n.> :[a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬,土包子 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- perch < v．> :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高处 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gawk < v．> :stare like a gawk,in a stupid way<像呆子般>呆呆地盯着,呆视 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- wily < adj.> :full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- repel < v．> :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fervent < adj.> :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的,满怀热情的,热心的,深表热诚的；强烈的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Genesis < n.> :the first book of the Bible,giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》<《圣经·旧约》的首卷> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- snigger < n.> :a sly,derisive,partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 / 24 . twirl ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- serpent < n.> :a snake,esp. a large or poisonous one蛇<尤指大蛇或毒蛇> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- livid < adj.> :grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- slur < n.> :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone's reputation；aspersion,reproach,stigma,etc．诽谤；污辱；诋毁,中伤,破坏……的名誉 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gavel < n.> :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer<会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的>小木槌,议事槌 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quell < v． > :crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hubbub < n.> :a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声,喧哗,喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- forlorn ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- verdict < n.> :the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定；判决 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- conviction < n.> :a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；<被>判罪；定罪 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 短语 adhere to : continue to obey or maintain career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- take on : begin to have呈现例： Her voice took on a troubled tone．她的声音里有些不安。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- under way: begin,start<开始>进行,在前进中。例： We have several plans under way．我们已将几项计划付诸实施。 Detailed Study of the Text 1. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 5 / 24 . 2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid, sultry 3. counsel: a group of one or more lawyers someone in a court of law The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain his point. Counsel are agreed. cf: council: a group of people appointed or elected to make laws, rules, or decisions The General Secretary of the UN Security Council the Premier of the State Council councillor: a member of a council counsellor a. b. adviser a beauty counsellor; a marriage guidance counsellor 4. prosecution: the act of bringing a criminal charge against sb. in a court of law 5. silver-tongued: 6. orator: a good public speaker, a person who delivers an oration and solemn public speeches> 7. nominee: a person who has been nominated, who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honour, etc. a Nobel Prize nominee / a presidential nominee 8. bring about: cause Scientists have brought about great changes in our lives. 9. involve: to cause sb. to become connected or concerned Don't involve other people in your mistakes. We are all involved, whether we like it or not. 10. testify: to make s solemn statement, esp. under oath in a court of law, of what is true The witnesses testify / give evidence in the law court. One witness testified that he's seen the prisoner run out of the bank after 6 / 24 . it had been robbed. The stolen goods in his home testified to his guilt. 11. on hand: available, present, cf: within reach: the distance one can reach; at hand: near in time or place Always have your dictionary on hand / within reach / at hand when you study. Please be on hand at 12 sharp. I have a great deal of important work on hand. All his old friends will be on hand / present to see Jack receive the medal of honour. I want you to be at hand / near during my interview with the boss of the company. The post office is close at hand. 12. reassure: comfort and make free from fear, stop worrying often by saying sth. kind or friendly The doctor reassured the sick man about his health. She won't believe it in spite of all our reassurance. cf: assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; promise The captain assured the passengers that there was no danger. 13. erupt: Here, emerge, happen quickly, come down upon unexpectedly and violently; I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair. 14. adhere to: to favour strongly and remain with, be faithful to an idea, opinion, and belief, etc.; stick firmly to; to hold or support The wallpaper won't adhere to the ceiling. They adhere to the contract. He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting. adhere to the four cardinal / fundamental principles ADHERE usually implies deliberate or voluntary acceptance, as of the creed of a church, the platform of a political party, or the doctrines of a philosopher. He liked a certain order in his life, when he had made a plan, he liked to adhere to it. Persist: to continue firmly in spite of opposition or warning. This word implies a virtue. It more often suggests a disagreeable or annoying 7 / 24 . quality, for it stresses stubbornness more than courage or patience and frequently implies opposition to advice, disapproval, or one's own conscience. persist in working when ill persist in doing / * adhere to doing If you persist in misbehaving, you'll be punished. Persist: vi, to continue to exist The bad weather will persist all over the country. The smell persisted even after we cleaned the room. insist: a. to declare firmly He insisted on writing at once. He insisted that she adhesive: substance such as a glue. 15. prohibit: to forbid, to ban, used long in reference to laws, regulations that it tends to connote restraints imposed for the good of all or for the sake of orderly procedure. to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors / pornographic literature or video tapes / prostitution / visiting prostitutes / smoking in public places, etc. cf: FORBID is more direct and familiar, while PROHIBIT is more formal or official; they do not widely differ in their essential implications, for they both imply the exercise of authority or the existence of conditions which prevent with similar imperativeness. However, FORBID carries so strong a connotation of expected obedience that it is preferred when the order is that of one in authority physician>. to forbid a child to leave the house. His health forbade the use of tobacco. 16. violate: to disregard or act against sth. solemnly promised, accepted as right The actress violated the terms of her contract. This is considered as a violation of the Constitution. If you violate someone's privacy or peace, you disturb it. 17. legality: the condition of being lawful; lawfulness The legality of this action will be decided by the court. 8 / 24 . 18. indict: to indict sb. for a crime means to charge them with it officially Five men were caught at the scene and indicted. cf: ACCUSE, CHARGE These three words denote in common to declare a person guilty of a fault or offence. While ACCUSE is typically immediate and personal, CHARGE frequently connotes seriousness in the offence and formality in the declaration. One may ACCUSE a bystander of trying to pick one's pocket. That is an ACCUSATION which may become a formal CHARGE before a magistrate. One may also ACCUSE a man OF cheating which one personally resents. One CHARGE a man WITH cheating which is an example of breaking the rules of a game. INDICT adds to CHARGE in legal context the implication of a formal consideration of the evidence by a grand jury and the implication of a decision that the accused person should be called to trial. One INDICTS a man FOR theft. TO PROSECUTE sb. FOR theft is for a lawyer to represent in court the person who is bringing a criminal charge against sb. 19. anticipate: what will happen and act as necessary, often to stop sb. else doing sth. We are not anticipating that there will be much trouble. We anticipate that the enemy would try to cross the river and so seized the bridge. 20. FAMOUS, FAME, RENOWNED, CELEBRATED, are comparable when meaning known far and wide among men. FAMOUS and FAMED apply chiefly to men, events and things that are much talked of or are widely or popularly known throughout a country or continent or a cultural tradition. They also imply favourable reputation. RENOWNED implies more glory or honour and more widespread acclamation than either FAMOUS OR FAMED. It is often employed as a stronger or more emphatic term than FAMOUS with little actual 9 / 24 . difference in meaning except for a suggestion of greater longevity of fame. CELEBRATED stresses reception of popular or public notice or attention and frequent mention, esp. in print. 21. festoon: If you festoon sth. with decorations, lights or other things, you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it. The garden was festooned with coloured lights. 22. sprout: to grow or come out, appear and spread rapidly. n. new growth of a plant, shoot bean sprouts / bamboo shoots 23. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break rickety old man / stairs / cart 24. evangelist: one who preaches the gospel 25. exhort: urge earnestly or advise strongly sb. to do sth. to exhort sb. to do good / to work harder, etc. 26. cheer: support and encourage, shout in praise, approval or support Every time a Chinese runner won a race the crowd cheered. The crowd cheered their favourite horse. 27. infidel: Muslims of each other> someone ho does not follow one's own religion, unbeliever 28. draw up: to form and usu. write to draw up a plan / a contract 29. florid: 30. paunchy: pot belly 31. attorney-general: chief law officer and legal expert of the government of a state or the US 32. shrewd: clever in judgement, esp. of what is to one's own advantage, and an exceptional ability to see below the surface. It always connotes 10 / 24 . hard-headedness. a shrewd lawyer who knows all the tricks He is a shrewd and sometimes ruthless adversary. 33. steep: soak, to let sth. stay in a liquid for softening, bringing out a taste etc. Steep the coffee Leave the coffee to steep for 5 minutes soak up The soil soaked up a huge volume of water very rapidly. Mark Twain soaked up the colourful language. steeped in: thoroughly filled or familiar with. a place steeped in mystery, a mind steeped in law steep: adj. rising or falling quickly or at a sharp angle. a steep rise in price; a steep drop in living conditions an old house with steep stairs; the steepest part of a hill 34. agnostic: person who believes that one can only have knowledge of material things and that nothing is or can be known about God or life after death cf: atheist: person who doubts the existence of God infidel: see above 35. call call for sth: require, demand or need sth The situation calls for prompt action. I've been promoted. This calls for a celebration! a call for sth: request or demand for sth The President made a call for national unity. There were calls for the Prime Minister's resignation from the Opposition parties. need or occasion for sth There isn't much call for such things these days. There was no call for such rudeness. There is no call for being hasty. 11 / 24 . It's your call, partner. a call of nature: a port of call: place where a ship stops during a voyage, place where a person goes or stops, esp during a journey The visiting politician's first port of call was the new factory. call-box = telephone-box call-girl: prostitute who makes appointments by telephone 35. growl /au/: show anger or give warning, rather angry voice. The dog growled at me. He growled out a demand to her to stop. 36. preliminary: coming before and introducing or preparing for sth. more important, introductory, preparatory 37. spar: to box without hitting hard, as in practice PARTNERS> or in testing an opponent's defence. argue or dispute The children are sparring with each other. sparring-partner: person with whom a boxer spars as part of training. person with whom one enjoys frequent, usu friendly, arguments They've been sparring-partners ever since they were at school together. 38. drawl: to speak or say slowly with vowels greatly lengthened drawl out one’s words 39. ignorance: lack of knowledge Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world problems. If he did wrong, it was from/ through ignorance. We are in complete ignorance of his plans. She is very young, and ignorant of what life really is. They ignored traffic regulations. 40. bigot: one who obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his own opinions 12 / 24 . and prejudices, esp. religious beliefs. One of the marks of a bigot is that he thinks he does a service to God when he persecutes his fellowmen. bigotry: the state of having very strong, unreasonable attitudes and opinions 41. rampant: widespread and impossible to control, excessive, used esp. of undesirable conditions, such as crime or disease. Spinal meningitis was rampant in that spring. Theft, robbery, trafficking in narcotics, rural women and children are rampant in some places. Rich soil makes some plants too rampant. Mosquitoes are rampant in the dormitory. 42. fagot: a bundle of sticks of firewood 43. enlighten: cause to understand, free from ignorance or false beliefs, give more knowledge. Can you enlighten me on this subject? The tour of our country enlightened the foreign visitors on China's open policy. work for the enlightenment of mankind the Enlightenment / the age of Enlightenment in the 18th century 44. contaminate: to make impure, bad by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter Don't eat the food, it may have been contaminated by the flies. The river is contaminated with waste from the factory. Our students are being contaminated by foreign ideas. 45. snort: to make a rough noise by blowing air down the nose to express impatience or anger by this sound We ran when the bull began to snort. "Never!" he snorted. cf: snore: breathe heavily and noisily through the nose and mouth while asleep 46. evidence: or make a matter more clear There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 13 / 24 . Have you any evidence to support this statement? not a bit / piece / scrap / shred of evidence indication or trace The room bore evidence in evidence: clearly or easily seen He's the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings, ie who likes to be seen and noticed. evident: obvious It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake. Evidently he has decided to leave. 47. brandish: to wave menacingly sth. esp. a weapon about, It stresses threat. I shall brandish my sword before them. 48. denounce: to criticise severely and publicly, announce threateningly The newspapers denounced the new taxes. A mass meeting denounced him as a traitor. 49. sonorous: having a pleasantly full loud sound the sonorous tones of the priest sonority the sonority of the bass voices sonorously adv. 50. reconcile: make peace between, make friendly again I cannot reconcile the two points of view. I asked how he would reconcile apartheid with Christianity. The two girls quarrelled but are now reconciled. 51. jungle: tropical forest too thick to walk through easily. 52. image: likeliness, form, copy, an object made to represent a god or person to be worshipped You see your image in the mirror. I can close my eyes and see images of things and persons. The coin bears an image of the emperor. The government has a very bad image because it continues with plans that nobody likes. 14 / 24 . 53. divine: of, related to, or being god or a god God: the Almighty, Providence, the Creator, the Divinity, the Deity, the Holy One, the Lord, Jehovah 54. thrust: to push forcefully and suddenly, to make a sudden forward stroke with a sword, knife, etc. He thrust the fork into the meat. The pirate thrust the sword into the captain's back. 55. applause: loud praise for a performance or performer, esp. by striking the hands together applaud: v. Everyone stood up to applaud. The audience applauded the singer for 5 minutes. The crowd bursts into applause and shouts "Hurray!" His every sentence was followed by an applause. 56. fervour: the quality of being FERVENT, passion, zeal, enthusiasm, intense heat, intense emotion compelling action. speak with great fervour fervent: showing strong and warm feelings, hot, glowing, passionate a fervent love / hatred. a fervent lover / admirer 57. arena: an area of land or a large room where sports, entertainment and public events take place. The city built a new sports arena. After World II Japan entered the arena of international trade. He entered the political arena after graduation from college. 58. prairie: 59. scorch: to burn or feeling but not completely destroy it, to dry up and take away the life out with a strong heat The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. a scorched-earth policy The hot weather scorched the grass. scorching hot / heat 60. observe: to make a remark, to say, to comment, It suggests a reasoned judgement based on m ore or less careful study of the evidence. 15 / 24 . He observe that the house seemed to be too small. "I hope she'll turn over a new leaf now," observed Mrs. A. 61. passion: strong, deep, often uncontrollable feeling, esp. of sexual love, hatred, or anger The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved. Can we talk about this with a little less passion? passionate: filled with passion, eager, very strong The groom gave the bride a passionate kiss. The two groups had a passionate debate. 62. sip: to drink in small quantities cf: suck: to draw produced by movements of the lips and tongue, to suck milk from his mother's breast sap: to drain the fluid part of a plant, esp. the watery solution that circulates through a plant's vascular system 63. jug: a large deep, usu. earthenware or glass container with a narrow mouth, a handle and a lip for pouring, a milk jug cf: jar: tall container, usu. round with a wide mouth, with or with-out handles of glass, stone or earthenware pot: an usu. round metal or earthen container used chiefly for domestic purposes, as in cooking or for holding liquids or growing plants. tea pot, chamber pot 64. appeal: to make a strong request for help, support, mercy; beg He appealed to his attacker for mercy. He appealed to me for help. please, attract, interest This idea / She appeals to me. Some people say Peking Opera is too old-fashioned to appeal to people any longer. The idea appealed to me. 16 / 24 . 65. intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent etc. intellect: the ability to understand or deal with ideas and information, the ability to reason rather than to feel or act. intellectual: adj. concerning the intellect, able to use the intellect well, showing unusual reasoning powers n. a person who works and lives by using his mind. a man of intellect: a man with knowledge, learned person, an intellectual It is man's intellect that distinguishes him from the breasts. Chess is a highly intellectual game. Teaching is a more intellectual occupation than sweeping. He is an intellectual person. intelligence: a. good ability to learn and understand quickly, esp. compared with others. b. information gathered by the government or the army about their country's enemies and their activities. an intelligence test; intelligence quotient Use your intelligence. CIA intelligent: having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding. Dr. Smith is a man of great intelligence but Prof. Brown earns the respect of his colleagues for his high intellect. An INTELLECTUAL or INTELLECTUAL person, is one who has developed his brain and intellect, is highly educated, and is interested in subjects that exercise the mind. One can be very intelligent / have great intelligence, without knowing much. A small child with a clever quick mind is INTELLIGENT but he can hardly be an intellectual. 66. duel: unlawful fight between two persons who have quarrelled, usu. with swords or pistols, at a meeting arranged and conducted according to rules, in the presence of two other persons called seconds. 17 / 24 . 67. roar: to give a deep loud continuing sound. tigers roaring in their cages He just roared The crowd roared its approval. n. long loud deep sound a roar of applause / anger, etc roars of laughter roaring: noisy; rough or stormy roaring thunder 68. mortal: a human being as compared with a god, a spirit, etc. All human beings are mere mortals. They're so grand these days that they probably don't talk to ordinary mortals like us any more. adj: that must die; that cannot live for ever All human beings are mortal. causing death; fatal a mortal wound, injury, etc The collapse of the business was a mortal blow to him and his family. lasting until death; marked by great hatred; deadly mortal enemies mortal sin: God's grace and leads to damnation unless it is confessed and forgiven 弥天大罪 69. agency: a. When sth. happen through or by the agency of sb. or sth, it happens with their help or influence. Thus the sentence can be paraphrased as Truth does not need any human influence to support it. b. a business which provides particular services on behalf of another business. an administrative organization Xinhua News Agency; the Central Intelligence Agency 70. momentary: transitory, lasting for a very short moment 18 / 24 . 71. hush: silence, stillness, quiet, calm 72. rule: decide officially The jury ruled that he was innocent of all charges. The club ruled against accepting new members. I cannot rule out / exclude the possibility / declare the non-existence of / trouble. The principal ruled out dances on school nights. 73. adjourn: to bring a meeting, trial, etc to a stop, esp. for a particular period or until a later time 74. hawker: a person who travels from place to place selling things, usu. with a cart. 75. entrepreneur: a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit; the word often has the sense of enterprising, meaning imaginative in ambitious way for private economic gain. 76. ponder: to consider, thing over, to think about sth. carefully, a rather literary word. Each chess player will have five minutes to ponder his next move. The prisoner pondered how to escape. Give me a few days to ponder over it. 77. brute: an animal, esp. one that you feel sorry for. The lions I am talking about are the poor half-starved brutes reserved for tourists. The Pope said that man is " the middle ling between angels and brutes." War can turn man into brutes. stupid, animal-like or cruel person, esp. one who has a tendency to behave violently. He is an unfeeling brute. cf: cow crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down a dozen of countries coward: a person unable to face danger, pain, or hardship because he lacks courage 19 / 24 . 78. sulphur: AmE. sulfur. a light-yellow substance that burns with a bright flame and a strong smell, used in medicine and industry. sulphurous: scathing, harsh 79. dispatch: a report sent by a journalist who is in a different town or country. I picked up the paper and read a dispatch from a correspondent in New York. 80. collapse: a. fall down or in, break to pieces. The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. The collapse of the buildings trapped thousands of people. b. lose physical strength, courage, mental powers, If you work too hard, your health may collapse. c. fail, break down. Their marriage collapsed. Our plan will collapse unless we get more help. 81. resume: go on after stopping for a time Less than a month later the rebels resumed their offensive. We'll stop here and resume working at 2 o'clock. Those standing may resume their seats. resume: = curriculum vitae 82. squat: to sit on one's heels, or on the ground with the legs drawn up under or close to the body. 83. perch: rest, stand or sit on some elevated place, usu. referring to birds; sit on the edge of sth. that is not intended to be a seat. Dr Smith perched on the corner of his desk. The sparrow perched upon the television antenna. 84. gawk: look at sth. in a foolish way 85. spring: to bring forward suddenly, to produce as a surprise, to make known unexpectedly to He sprang his marriage on his parents. The film made her spring into fame. 20 / 24 . 86. trump card: suit that has, for the time being, higher value than the other three suits, means of gaining one's end Hearts to play one's trump card: to make used of one's most valuable resource 87. startle: to give a shock or surprise, to cause to move or jump,be startle at the sight of sth. You startled me. I didn't hear you come in. I was startled to hear his news / by his news. 88. wile: a trick intended to deceive, skill in outwitting, an indirect means to gain an end, an attempt to entrap or deceive with false allurements. All her wiles were not enough to persuade them to sell the property. wily: full of wiles, cunning, crafty The serpent by his wiles persuaded Eve to eat the apple. the wiles of the Devil 89. campaign: a group of military operations with a set purpose, usu. in one area; a series of planned activities to gain a special object. a political/ advertising campaign 90. passage: passing, act of going past, through or across the passage of time passing of a Bill so that it becomes law. Passage of such a resolution depends on public support. The Socialists did not co-operate with him in the passage of these laws. 91. resolute: fixed in determination or propose, firm; the word throws the emphasis upon a determination which cannot be broken down as a quality of character and may suggest firm adherence to one's own purposes. You must be resolute and do what you think best. He was a serious, resolute student. 92. strode: walk with long steps 93. repel: to drive back by force, rebuff to repel an attack This material will repel heat and moisture. 21 / 24 . 94. punctuate: a. to put stops / periods, commas, colons, quotation marks, etc. into a piece of writing. b. to interrupt from time to time a speech punctuated with cheers. 95. fervent: that is, feels, or shows strong and warm feelings, passionate, vehement a fervent desire to win He is a fervent believer in free speech. They maintained a fervent loyalty to the general. fervour: the quality of being fervent 96. Amen: may this be true, so be it 97. enquire: question 98. mop: n. a bundle of strings, cloth, etc. fastened to a long handle for cleaning floors v. to wipe up with a mop, to wipe away sweat with a handkerchief 99. bald: hairless, leafless, featherless. cf: bold 100. dome: rounded roof with a circular base. sth. shaped like a dome 101. snigger: secret way giggle, snort 102. twirl: to turn round and round quickly, to cause to spin, to cause to curl The secretary twirled the pencil round in her fingers. She twirled his hair round her fingers. 103. pursue: to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat The policeman pursued the thief down the road. He felt their eyes pursuing him. The poet pursued fame all his life. 22 / 24 . He set his heart on pursuing his studies abroad. 104. condemn: a. to declare sb. to be wrong or evil usu. after weighing evidence Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour. Most people condemn nuclear war. b. to pronounce guilty, sentence, convict, state the punishment In spite of the evidence he was not condemned. The judge condemned the criminal to ten years in jail. c. to force into an unhappy state When the poor woman was widowed, she realized that she was condemned to a lonely old age. cf: CONDEMN carries very strong judicial connotations. It implies a final decision or a definitive judgement. It commonly suggests a wholly unfavourable judgement. DENOUNCE adds to condemn the implication of public declaration. When meaning to criticise, the two words are similar in usage. livid: blue-grey, as of marks on the skin after being his 105. slur: an unfair damaging remark Don't slur my brother's reputation. The rumours cast a slur upon my good name. The neighbours talked about each other with ugly slurs. 106. gravel: hammer 107. quell: to quiet, to cause to cease, to put down The dictator quelled the uprising. The police used fire hoses and tear gas to quell the rioters. 108. hubbub: a mixture of loud noises din 109. forlorn: in poor condition, sad and lonely because of isolation or desertion; it suggest sadness, woe, at separation from someone dear. as forlorn as King Lear at the end of his days. 23 / 24 . 110. hail: a. to salute, greet with enthusiastic approval The crowd hailed the victor. The people lined the streets to hail the returning heroes. b. to summon by calling to hail a taxi / a passing boat 111. on the books: in a list of members, records. Here, still listed in the law. 112. wake: track left by a ship on smooth water in the wake of: after, following Seagull followed in the wake of the ship. The car left clouds of dust in its wake. Many troubles follow in the wake of war 24 / 24 
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